Addition to post: a good Sennheiser MD21 captures emotion

A Pleiades filter consisting of 2 330mH filters in parallel connected to just one MD21 gave excellent results too. On the other hand trying outdoors a 140ohm,20mH filter with an SM58 gave great sound for close micing but just an SM57 at about 9in on its own sounded more natural, (a mic pointing at nose , heaad is better than one just next to mouth).

Name and Address

My name is George N. Tsakiris please send correspondance: 19 25th Martiou Street Nea Smyrni 171 21 Hellas

A good Sennheiser MD21 captures emotion

Comment by Vicky. Vintage Mic facing from abobe singer's head, not just nose or mouth!, Like this photo of Jim Reeves on the Temples of Sound - Cogan, Clark book. 2 vintage MD21 were used deliberately connected anti phase, (Lou Burroughs Electrovoice trick from his Microphones book. Mics were connected to a military low inductance transformer (Freed NO. 28700 cTE 24438). Center tap primary connected to resistor 1K, one mic connected to primary one side, other mice connected to primary other side, like a hybrid or adding transformer. One mic capturing the voice, the other handheld too to arms straight length. Therefore noise and room artfacts cancelling due to differencial out of phase cancelling effect. Recorded on Sony TC-D5M and it sounds so so quiet. ANd for some strange reason this super clarity mic captures the emotion reminding of good radio where you see the actor singer without seeing them, just by listening, Vicky's comment.

The amazing technique of Sound On Sound, recording on magnetic tape with erase head disconnected so that sound is recorded on top of sound like painting without loss of generation

At your risk. Yes it works. Tascam porta 03 was used by removing the erase head connector. On experiments recording with no input signal there is some loss of treble (demagnetisation due to the bias)on the first pass and less on second pass but after the 3rd pass the sound allready recorded stays practically the same. The amazing is that hiss does not increase after the usual to all tape recording 1st pass. Does this suggest unlimited number of overdubs on the same track without increase of hiss noise? Track 3 and 4 where used as guide tracks listening by headphones and 1 and 2 where overwritten many times with great quality sound. An example may be uploaded soon on Vicky Moriton youtube channel. See also Phil Ramone recording interview on It's My Party double tracking Leslie Gore on the same track, Mike Oldfield making his demo of Tubular Bells by disabling the effect of the erase head on a Bang and Olyfsen reel to reel tape recorder.

Is sea water important for teeth health?

At your risk, this is not a medical advice. Personal experience says yes, after washing teeth for some years with sea water. An explnation seems to be the fact that salted water removes water from microbe cells by osmosis (see wikipedia salted fish article). Entropy at work.

On equalising a small speaker so that it sounds correct to listener's brain

We know (i may be paraphrasing it) from Dr. Harry Olson experiments that octaves missing must be symentrical on both sides of the frequency spectrum for balanced sound,(Music, Physics and Engineering - Olson). On listening tests of the Pleiades Linoleum Auratone 5C speaker Vicky pointed out how well it sounds with grandma's Eleni JVC 9425W FM radio cassette recorder, which has an amplifier that bass boosts roughly below 100+ Hz to compensate for the somewhat small speaker, cabinet. Inside childhood's Sony DR-S5 8 ohm headphones was found a clever treble cut R, RC filter that is very similar to RIAA bass boost networks. It works as speaker bass boost and sounds great, see previous posts.

Bravo to Vicky for discovering the need to bass boost the signal before feeding the Pleiades Linoleum Auratone type 5C speaker

One way to do this is mid, treble cut between amplifier and speaker. Current experimental values for a very nice balanced sound with great articulate, deep bass is (taking jumper cables into account), (amp now sees 12.8ohms instead of 4ohms): A series resistor of 10ohms. A (2.3ohm resistor in series with 220uF capacitor) shunt to jumper cables, cables feeding Tesla drive unit. Signal path: The Corrs MTV unpluged CD - Sony CD Walkman line out - Naim Nait 2 recapped with Elna magenta colored before ROHS capacitors - passive frequency subtractive network - Pleiades Linoleum Auratone type 5C speaker

Eqing the Pleiades Linoleum Auratone 5c type speaker/ Recording simple songs at SNFCC??

Inspired by the Sony DR-S5 headphones and RIAA bass boost networks. A series resistor between amplifier and speaker, a series resistor capacitor network in parallel with speaker. The electrolytic capacitor can be correctly polarised if a single ended single transistor is connected directly to speaker without an output transformer./Contacted nlg.gr for request to use its studios. Before this Irida had been recorded at the outdoors SingForHope.org Yamaha piano, (Vicky Moriton youtube channel), outdoors always can sound nice as there are no nearby thousands of reflections. Recorded some vocals at Pleiades lab with 2 out of phase omnis, singing on one (the brilllianr Lou Burroughs trick), here with a Shure VP64 and a great Shure Radio Shack Realistic mic? Great sound also on VP64 with a Pleiades green filter (130ohms, 20mH) connected to the input of Sony TC-D5M (ie output of mic) using whispering voice. Recording outdoors too, recording at the forest, huge sound.

A 1 Watt battery powered elctron tube audio power amplifier in class A

At your risk. Use suitable fuse in series with batteries etc. Using a PCC84 double triode electronic valve. Both triode sections can be paralleled as on EMI BTR2 replay amplifier output stage using a B65. PCC84 or ECC84 can operate at 100V Vb. This can be made from 2 4AA battery holders holding 12 6V 4LR44 batteries. Grid input voltage needed seems small, of the order of 3V so an input transformer can be used and no other tube. The output transformer which should have an air gap or (be made from a ferrite ring core?) can double the power efficiency from 25 per cent to 50 per cent since the induction at the primary doubles 100V to 200V, see load lines - Applied Electronics - Gray - MIT. 14mA are possible from each triode. A 4000ohms to 4ohms output transformer ie a 30:1 ratio would make this current x30. Other class A Pleiades lab considerations are a downscaled Musical Fidelity A1 using a BD139 driven by a BC549 emiter follower, load the speaker itself (at your risk), feedback from collector to driver transistor base, a resistor from driver base to ground as on K. Jones amplifier, see previous posts. Or for push pull class A adding a BD140, BC559 pair below. Or istead of feedback adding a output transformer at the output and an input transformer (Langenvin style) and using just 2 BD139 or if needed another 2 BC549, . Single ended has the advantage of not cancelling even order harmonic generation which is octaves really. See previous posts on BD138 single transistor power amplifier with output transformer. No feedback makes a gentle curving curve with no abrupt overlod distortion. Distortion tends to 0 as the signal gets smaller which is very important for music signals. Just one amplifying device creates small order distortion products which are not further multiplied by other cascaded active devices. How would the PCC84 sound like?

A Solar Powered Amplifier of Exceptional Sound Quality

Yesterday 10 years old Ionas was given the task to design the box of the class A single ended audio power amplifier. To surprise he drew on his ipad a blue solar panel on top of the box and a the sun above! Today last posts (grounded collector or emiter follower) were taken over from daybefore yesterday and yesterday where CC was changed to common emitter. Sound was louder, Rs=20Kohm, Ia=100mA. An output 10:1 transformer on a ferrite toroid was placed between 4ohm speker and transistor collector in order to improve efficience. At same Vb=8V it was a surprise to find optimum IC to be just 10mA! Loudeness was a bit higher, sound very smooth with amazing detail on treble, oercussion, female or male 60's Italian voice. Class A operation can sound so nice and smooth our sence opens up. Little power output is needed to make the miracle. Solar powering is possible with a small panel when impedance matching is used for max power transfer. More experimemts needed for a step down ratio of less than 10 to 1 for the @N3055. Would 10 to 1 be optimum for BC550? What would optimum be for BD438?

Aknowledging Dr. Rutter for giving the very interesting book : Audio Amplifiers - Ed. J.R. Davies

It contains on page 41 the brilliant article 2-Transistor Miniature A.F. Amplifier by K. Jones which formed perhaps 2 decades ago the basis of the Pleiades single transistor amplifier by removing one by one most components. These amplifiers sound very nice as expected from pure class A (electrons flowing all the time) circuits. Using just one transistor creates simple harmonic distortioon components when it starts gently overloading.

Correcting previous post. Using the output impendance of music source to bias the power amp. Single transistor audio class A power amplifier with no other components part 2

Yesterday the Sony CD Walkman line output had been accidentaly connected between collector and base of the Pleiades 2N3055 power amplifier instead of between emmiter and base. It worked showing that the source of music can be used instead of the collector to base bias resistor. Today the CD walkman was connected between emmiter ground and base and a 56Kohms biasing resistor for best perceived bass was used. The sound was louder and still smooth. Both options are very interesting and yesterday's unusual.

A single transistor audio power amplifier with no external components except a 9V battery

At your risk. Speaker may be blown since there is class A current passing though it. A protective fuse must be in series with battery for fire hazard protection too. Other equipment connected may be blown too. This is the Pleiades 2N3055 amplifier in a 2 cigarette packet size box. Today the 10K bias resistor from collector to base was removed. It immediately worked much better as there was overbias due to direct coupling to the Sony CD Walkman line output. Purely by chance due to the particular 2N3055 Hfe, no series resistor is needed for volume reduction. So no capacitors are used, no resistors, just a 9V batterry, actually 8V due to use. Quiescent current through speaker when said series resistor is 0Ohms is 47mA. Sound quality although of low volume is amazing on voice and many instruments including percussion. When Rs=10K is used to reduce volume, Ic becomes 33mA which is handy for saving battery energy. Signal path: Ingenue - KD Lang CD - Sony D-EJ758CK sn5048123 CD Walkman line out -Pleiades 2N3055 - Pleiades linoleum Auratone type 5C speaker with Tesla 5in drive unit fullrange

The great sound of the portable Philips AE6695/00

Yesterday the TDA7000 low IF radio IC was tried connected to - Realistic disco mixer - Sennheiser HD580. Not impressive. On the other hand a forgoten in the cupboard Philips AE6695 s/n 418744 sounds after cleaning amazing. The unsealed fader potentiometer was cleaned with cotton swabs and isopropyl alchol and Cailube. This FM radio can even drive the Pleiades linoleum Auratone 5C type speaker with great sound on bass boost setting in order to compensate for the small speaker size. On the Sennheiser HD580 the sound is amazing with full sound if not a bit bass heavy. Cymbals are mythical. When taking signal from the potentiometer which is after the bass boost switch but before the headphone amplifier and connecting the L,R mic input of the Realistic disco mixer driving the Sennheiser HD580 there is a surprise sound. This radio uses the IF=10.7MHz radio IC Sony CXA1238M and ST TDA2822 power amplifier.

The chords (harmony) on Alkionides 2 - Zhanna, George recreated from figured bass transcription of previous post

Key is E flat minor so chords are derived as: Actually first bass code is C6 ie bCbEbA. Then bEbGbB, bDFbB, bCbEbGbB, bAbCbEbB etc. Zhanna's melody fits so well and creates such nice 6th, 9th intervals. While I was downstirs she even got the brilliant starting C6 chord by ear creating such refined atmosphere with her melody. Some kind of new age music had been playing at the same time from the PA system of Alkionides at a strange key.

Understanding Bach Bass Rules - Bach, Niedt - pdf

Everything is refered to what bass note we have at any time. So if bass is La, a 7th means 7 notes above bass ie Sol, a 3rd means Do etc.

Correcting the previous post ie Alkionides 2 - Zhanna

On melody C should read B ie bB (Si bemol).

Zhanna 2 Alkionides

Very nice melody by Zhoanna, date time code 22071420, working title Alkionides. Written on the key of E flat minor ie every note is flat except F ie Fa, (even Do is flat).Writting on s s s s matrix:s s s s bass A or C melody s s s D bass A melody E s s s bass A melody s s s G Bass E melody E s s s bass E melody s s s G Bass D6 melody C s s s Bass D s s C G Bass C7 melody D s E s.(s means equal time spaces).Many of the notes are sustained. Part 2 goes with step bass E , D6, C7 or sometimes A9 instead of E. Melody: La s s Sol/ s s Fa s/Fa s Mi s/s s La s/ La s s Sol/ s s Fa s/Fa s s Mi/ s s s s.

The great sound of JVC FX-311 tuner

signal path: JVC FX-311L - Realistic Disco Mixer - Sennheiser HD580. JVC RC-555W sounds great as well using only one of its speakers (point source approximation). Philips Babette 12RL472 sounds amazing driving from tape out the Realistic Disco Mixer and Sennheiser HD580 headphones. How would the Philips IC TDA7000 sound with a bass equilised amplifier driving the Pleiades linoleum Auratone type cube speaker? According to datasheet TDA7000 goes up to 10KHz ie loosing one octave which may be a good thing of spectral balance as 2 octaves are lost in bass by the 5in fullrange speaker.

Overlooked correspondance between the harmonic series and musical intervals?

For example: The very important interval of major 9th can be heard if we multiply the frequency of the fundamental by 9! Same for the interval of major 13th ie major 6th if we multiply by 13! Thanks to an equiry by Zhoanna and some listening tests with Vicky on onlinetonegenerator.com It makes sense since multiplying (say the frequency of note C ie Do) by 3 gives the sensation of Sol (ie 5th) and then by 3 again ie x9 in total gives the sensation of 5th of Sol ie RE which is the 9th of Do. Neat! Further reading Bach Bass Rules - Bach, Niedt - PDF

The aim of marketing is to make selling superfluous - Peter Drunker

(ie: you must understand the customer so well that the product/service sells itself) from The Marketing Pocketbook - Neil Russell-Jones, Tony Fletcher

If you don't consider myself yours you have access to every part of me

The amazing Boys' books of Radio and Electronics by Alfred Morgan!

The amazing website of Pieter Hooijmans

www.maximus-randd.com Had the great pleasure of visiting this informative website by the man who was designing RF tuners in Philips. And excellent account in many parts on the history of TV tuners in Philips from electronic valves ie electron tubes to Germanium transistors to silicon transistors to ICs. It is funny I was trying to find more answers for years on audio, radio papers. On this TV history one can even read what makes the PCC88 different internaly , an excellent description on how the cascode configuration operates and only the 1st part has been partly read yet.

Visiting Smartkit shop

Had the pleasure of meeting Daniel. Open minded with passion for electronic kits since a child,RF and AF. He showed me his TDA7000 FM radio. Fan of electron tubes too. He narated how the sound engineer of a live venue explained that you have to do it wrong now so that it comes correct sounding when the audience arrives due to the sound absorption of humans. He was briefed into some Pleiades battery powered preamps such as the Pleiades V6, the Pleiades (R,L) gentle slope low cut microphone filter, Pleiades Electra II, the Jean Hiraga, Maison d' Audiophile 2SK170 Le Passific MM phone low noise brilliant sounding preamplifier. Daniel is organised. I had the pleasure of getting a 300 in one electronic lab and a sample of Smartkit 1038N which may be great as a front end AM radio frequency amplifier or even a microphone pre pre amplifier.

AD1862 DAC IC directly connected to OPA541 power amplifier opamp

At your risk. Loudspeakers will be possibly damaged if the volume potentiometer in the negative feedback loop of the amplifier open-circuits. Have the pleasure of meeting again with Panos. He is driving his speakers in an impressing way with the signal path shown in the title. Just 2 ICs connected together, doing away with many op-amps normally found in a DAC, (digital to analog converter unit). The only op amp conected directly to the current output of the OPA541 IC is a power amplifier in itself, impressively directly driving, loudly with huge bass the speaker(s). Panos also brought to my attention the Sanyo LA6510 portable audio equipment power amp IC and the UPC2500D car power amplifier IC operating at single rail 12V. Panos was brief on one transistor (electrons flowing all the time, ie class A operation) power amps such as the Pleiades 2N3055, a one transistor radio found on youtube etc. We discused a bit line array full range column speakers.

melodybook

SHowing on the piano how great melodies with harmony are played. Initially conceived as the Melody book but some examples can be seen, heard on excellent Vicky Moriton chanel, Vicky is constantly improving as a producer.

How does the one transistor FM receiver operate?

This post may be wrong, the 1946 paper on locked in oscillator refered to on Television Engineering - Fink has not been read yet. The L, C reactance, LCR equations describing steady state ie after transient has decayed. Pehaps the most scientific method to undersatnd is taking a bouncing ball in our hands, play and examine its behaviour. The ball is a great analog computer, nature itself. We excite a system, firstly it is doing its natural it follows the forced oscillation. FOr example we clap our hand near a piano with the sutain pedal depressed, all strings vibrate excited by thisimpulse , almost delta function. On the so called locked in detector we havd to it from the transient point of view., rather than steady state. FM modulation is done by a music signal whiich is transient in nature. On the one transistor FM receiverthe received FM siugnal tries at any time to change the current through the osc L coil (part of LC). By nature inductance (analogous to mass) reacts to the change at any time and it produces an EMF (force) VOLTAGE.tHIS IS THE MUSIC SIGNAL WE GET BACK DEMODULATED. Similar to bouncing a basket ball between our hand and the floor. It has it natural osc frequency.If at any time we try to cjange that natural frequency The mass of the ball reacts (newton's 1st law), we get EMF ie force , we feel it on our hand.As we may try to descrese the frequency, same thing but force is no negative. We get our signal back, amplitude variations. Similarly to playing with a swing or a pendulum.

The fabulous sound of Philips Babette 12RL472 battery descrete transistor radio

signal path: FM radio stations in Athens _ Babette signal taken from the 5th transistor ie at the 2 diodes descriminator stage (tape out DIN socket) - Realistic Disco Mixer mic in _ Sennheiser HD580 - Listener's brain

Radio Theme part 2

Vicky beautifully changed melody EA, DG, E#F to EDA, EDG, ED#F going firstly down and then up. The bass code is F7, E7, D(+3),9. (at the last chord key modulates from Aminor to A Dorian, hence the F sharp). So melody serves everithins in just 2 parts (voices) including bass. How would it sound played with mandolins?

How would the Pleiades V6 electron tube amplifier sound immediately after a DAC IC?

Can it be USB powered since it already operates at only 5 volts? Or should a DF type electron tube used or a BC549 or a 2SK170 for example, single ended class A but with input and output transformer?

DAC with electron tube amplifier

Met Lefteris after a few years. He handed his schematic of the digital part of his usb DAC. He mentioned his listening tests with electon tube amplifiers after the op amps or abandoning the opamps for electron tubes. Possible schematics EMI RS61 or BTR2.

Is it possible to make a battery powered Project T1 BT turntable?

elf deflating matress more comfortable?

At your risk. After sleeping on a compromised thermarest neo air x-therm, body seemed more comfortably feeling in the morning.

Using a direct heater electron tube as space charge tetrode for driving hi Z headphones from the anode powered with a few volts?

At your risk. After re-reading One Tube set Works on Flashlight cell article found on junkbox.com using 49 electron tube. How about tubes starting with 4 indicating 4 volt filament? These should be less energy consuming than Pleiades Electra 2. Why on universe should we expend energy in order to listen to music? Saw today a cat warming herself up under the winter sun.

Everything in music

The sensation of music depends on how far is the bass at any moment from the tonic. And then how far are notes from ,melodies existing at the same time, from any bass. (from a discussion with Vicky). (harmony notes can be chose from the series 1,3,5,7,9,11,13) Further reading: Bach Bass Rules - Bach, Niedt - PDF