A good fullrange speaker sounds like a laser beam from drive unit to listener

This is the impression the Pleiades Vicky linoleum triagular pyramid speaker with a Tesla 5in drive unit gives.


This seems the reason why a microphone in front of it at 2 meters picks a great clean intelligible signal of natural frequency balance and great transient response.

Hello to Ukraine, Brazil and to Poland

Testing whether a musical instrument is tuned

By Albert.


It is playing in random together any black or white keys and the instrument still sounding great. Great no matter what is being played.


Such a tuning is the Pleiades equal temperament for Yamaha DX7 mkII or Korg Triton etc.



These are the links with the tuning numbers to edit:
http://euroelectron.blogspot.com/2014/07/pleiades-tuning-for-dx7ii.html
http://euroelectron.blogspot.com/2014/07/making-your-korg-triton-best-worldwide.html

Hello to Poland, France, Hellas

Adding air or wind to DX7 voices Προσθετωντας αέρα σε φωνές του Yamaha DX7

This may look like rediscovering the wheel.
But it's new to me and I am so happy about it.


See previous post:
https://euroelectron.blogspot.com/2019/07/a-new-derivative-voice-for-yamaha-dx7.html

A new derivative voice for Yamaha DX7

It can be derived by simple editing of the well known VOICE 3 coming on the original DX7 Voice cartridges.


It has the nice effect of subtle wind together with singing FM voice.


How it is done:
Operator 6 is given the largest output volume of value 99. So operator below it gets crazy and emits FM white noise. (All OP6 envelope parameters are to default 99).
Then output level of Operator 5 is set to a lower value say 70, so that wind does not overwhelm singing voice.


How did it come about?
The engineer at Geaslutz saying that by manually writing to DX7 you learn may well be very right.


Here is how it was done.


It was wanted to hear how VOICE 3 sounds for the first time as the DX7ii is used and no DX7 cartridges are available. Neither a midi cable is available...


But years ago a CD had been saved from version 1.1 of the program DXed, DX manager.


Program from CD was installed to an old Asus Eee 7in netbook.


Then after running the program VOICE 3 was opened from the databank to editor.


All values shown on screen were manually copied with a pen to a blank Voice Data Chart A4 paper.


Then paper was sent to next room were DX7ii sits...


Next day initialize voice was pressed and the familiar sinewave was heard while playing notes on the keyboard.


Operator settings for 2 operators were written each day as the process may be eye tiring.


But the good thing about it is that as numbers are manually, slowly entered, sinewave changes gradually to something else which you can hear and assess.


You get immediately the feel of what each operator does and why. What it's envelope does etc.


On algorithm 5 operators 1 and 2 work together. So this is a part of the final voice. Same of operators 3 and 4 , second part of final voice.


Yesterday while editing the final operators 5 and 6 it was tried just by curiosity to see how would operator 5 sound by operator 6 at full level. White noise came out. This patch was saved as interesting together with ah sound from operators 1,2 and 3,4.


Today was made the mistake instead of decreasing the volume of operator 6 to decrees the volume of operator 5.


So white noise was just reduced and now blends very well with the rest of the operators.


Then while saving this too as an amazing patch, editing was continued to arrive at the factory preset.


But while doing this all sorts of great sounds came from the DX7 which were saved too as interesting patches.


Sounds that possibly nobody has even if they have the full thousands of available patches of DX7 circulating on the net.


Things started today to get very interesting.


Thank you (MUSICIAN thread starter) at Gearlutz.
https://www.gearslutz.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-and-electronic-music-production/824822-dx7-complete-voice-charts-parameter-settings.html


This voice can be called VOICE 3GMP or AIR VOICE.

The Pleiades Vicky linoleum triagular pyramid speaker is picked up by a mic in a great way

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


A good speaker should sound great when then sound wave coming out of it is picked up by a microphone.


Signal path:


Smooth FM 99.8MHz radio station - JVC 9425W radio power amp (headphones) out - linoleum tetrahedron speaker with Tesla 5in drive unit standing on linoleum carpet - Vivenco DM200 unidirectional moving coil mic at 2 meters - Sony TC-D5 Pro - Sennheiser HD580


Amazing sound. Very clear. No mid or whatever prominence. Intelligibility.


No Pleiades filter needed between mic and Sony preamp. (The Pleiades (130Ω,40mH) filter is needed when signing at normal voice and normal distance from mic for avoiding bass heaviness to listener's brain).

Hello to Germany and Hellas

Euroelectron day pageviews

Entry	Pageviews
Greece	10
Portugal	9
France	6
Ukraine	6
Germany	5
Poland	5
Belgium	3
South Korea	2
Unknown Region	1
Austria 1

Euroelectron last week's pageviews

Entry	Pageviews
France	67
Portugal	54
Greece	51
United States	47
South Korea	43
Germany	42
Ukraine	28
Indonesia	21
Poland	5
Australia 3

Hello to Indonesia

The Uher 4200 uses the same input transistor as the EMI TG12345 multi mixer

That is BC109.


Is BC109 equivalent to BC149? There are both shown as alternatives in the low noise circuits of the Mullard Transistor Audio and Radio Circuits manual (white sleeves with purple and red colors).

Is it possible to troubleshoot digital circuits...

(At your risk, take all safety precautions, any voltage or current can be dangerous. Protect your precious hearing by all means).


...by a coil probe connected to an audio amplifier being approached to each IC or other areas of circuit?


For example approaching to the CPU of an electronic keyboard or drum machine. If idea is correct and the CPU does not operate, this may mean no sound coming out of the probe audio amplifier demodulating HF. Investigation may then lead for example to reset pin of CPU enabled by a low voltage at that pin etc. Then this may reveal a bad capacitor, electrolytic or tantalum, across such pin etc.


Later addition.
A VIvanco DM200 dynamic mic was wandered around a working DX7ii with keyboard unopened. Not much was heard except near the power supply.
Perhaps closer distance is needed or an oscillator together with a non linear amplifier input used to demodulate RF signals from instrument?
Even perhaps a portable AM radio in proximity to the instrument to be troubleshooted?

Destiny sends dreams up to the sky

How does FM synthesis work, a fairytale, Πως λειτουργούν τα συνθεσάϊζερ διαμόρφωσης συχνότητας (FM), παραμυθι

Lucy the cat came this summer again to visit her friends in Hellas, Calenina the cat and the patient tortoise.


Just after porridge breakfast they were listening to FM radio and suddenly Lucy started showing off again.


"Listen, it is the 80's song Maria Magdalena - Sandra. The fabulous bass comes from the Yamaha DX7 synthesizer. All these sinewave operators. Some of them frequency modulating other ones...."


The patient tortoise started getting angry, Canelina could not understand a thing and started crying. She decided to head down at once on the beach to find the wise seagulls so that they can explain to her how FM synthesis works.


It so happened by chance that the 2 wise seaguls had with them their small portable Yamaha PSS-480 synth. It is an FM programable synthesizer with just 2 operators making much easier understanding the foundation of FM synthesis. Furthermore it is 9V battery operated, has 2 small speakers and the wise seagulls just used a somewhat small 9V solar panel to power it.


Canelina the cat could not stop crying and the wise seagulls immediatly started giving her examples, first without even using any keyboard.


"Operators are just pure sinewave generators. They sound like a tuning fork. Would you sing for us the purest and steadiest tone you can?"


Canelina certainly could do and started niaouing a near pure steady tone with as less overtones as possible.


"Great, could you now add some vibrato?"


Certainly she could. She started singing her tone and slowly reducing then increasing and back and forth her pitch around the pitch of the tone she was singing.


See, that's easy. This is called frequency modulation as you change the frequency of your vocal chords vibration around a mean frequency which is called carrier frequency which is really the frequency you sing.


Canelina started wiping her tears.


Can you now start increasing the depth of modulation or depth or degree of your vibrato.


Certainly she could. And she started changing frequency smoothly and broadly up and down like an ambulance.


Can you now go back to a small modulation index but increase the rate, ie the frequency of your vibrato?


Certainly she could. But it was not easy. Her tone was already going little up and down in frequency fairly quickly.


Can you do it faster. Faster...


She could not, so the wise seagulls started playing with her shaking her very quickly, gently tapping her belly or back at a very high frequency (fast rate) until she produced such a funny tone that they all burst to laughs...


See... that's it. FM or frequency modulation can produce very rich frequency spectra. Usually one operator is connected to another. This means one sinewave modulates the frequency of another sinewave. One is the cat and the other is the seagull shaking the cat back and forth while she tries to sing. By changing the parameters of frequency and how the amplitude of each operator or oscillator varies, various timbres varying in time can be created.


Canelina jumped from joy. She called all her friends to the beach and they all started dancing and singing Maria Magdalena - Sandra under the sun rays of light that do not leave any shadow to the truth.


See also:
DX7 operating manual
FM Theory and Applicatiins from musicians to musicians - Chowning, Bristow
John Chowning (discoverer of FM synthesis) or (David Bristow co programmer of DX7 voice presets) interviews on YouTube.

Connecting linoleum tetrahedron Pleiades speaker to JVC 9425W radio-amp

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


Today while opening the triagular pyramid to replace smelly contemporary cable from who knows where it was found that there was a cold joint to the Tesla speaker.


A vintage speaker cable has been soldered carefully.


Then speaker was connected to the just very very few watts amplifier of JVC radio and listening to radio. This amp is somewhat giving more bass to compensate smaller speaker losses.


Sound is amazing.


Some kind of mid high reasonance mentioned on previous posts disappeared.


The sound is somewhat like a direct link from amp to brain, very intelligible.


Immediatly mistakes in production can be clearly heard. Especially in the balance and frequency content of vocal.
Bad acoustics in certain radio station studios.
Ignorance of the Fletcher Munson (equal loudness) curves when tracking vocals in modern Hellas.


In any type of music including symphonic, each melody line can be clearly heard in the presence of so other melody lines and the notes understood.


Sound is loud while listening around many rooms.


Intelligibility is preserved at large listening distance.


Bravo to Vicky.

Understanding Records - Jay Hodgson

https://books.google.gr/books/about/Understanding_Records.html?id=64otjpfHbNUC&redir_esc=y


This was found as a link in the Wikipedia Chorus article.

A modern canon?

Veridis Quo - Daft Dunk
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ySLc8gZ3oEc#fauxfullscreen


(A canon may be more specific:)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_(music)


But let's see what happens at Verdis Quo - Daft Punk


A part tha repeats itself. Main melody.


Then a second part that repeats itself. 2nd melody.



Then another part that repeats itself, bass drum, from Roland Tr-909?


Then more prominent repeating bass modulated by main compressor?


Then snare repeating by TR-909?


Then repeating TB-303 bass? with manual change of reasonance filters etc. With quick pattern (16/16) Bossa Nova accent?


Etc


Hiss being modulated.


Is it an analog master recording?


Sorry, I know nothing about how such music is made.


But if Daft Punk read this, would you please comment?

The AM-843/AIC-10 uses 2N43 transistors

This may be a more modern version. Has there been an electron tube version with subminiature electronic valves?


One 2N43 is used on mic pre-amp.


Three 2N43 are used on each power amplifier.

Mono synth mode on PSS-480 FM synthesizer

ChrisLody channel
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4LW5IyUiktI#fauxfullscreen

Interview with the co-creator of DX7 voice presets Dave Bristow

Dave Bristow: Programming the first DX7 presets
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=JVsV6wAB5Gg#fauxfullscreen

The book from the DX7 series voice co-programmer Bristow and FM discoverer Chowning

FM theory and Applications from musicians to musicians - Bristow, Chowning
http://www.burnkit2600.com/manuals/fm_theory_and_applications.pdf

The Yamaha DX7 Bass 1 (internal 15)

Yamaha DX7 demo famous sounds
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=YCK6SPvS0_I


What is Love - Howard Jones
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=w34vnz_LEX4#fauxfullscreen



http://bobbyblues.recup.ch/yamaha_dx7/soundbanks/Yamaha%20ROM1.htm

Is the first bass of The Captain of Her Heart - Double, D flat?

Although the right hand is based on B flat minor.


https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=v9Ohve4zukg
His left hand an be clearly seen hitting the D flat black note;)

So the bass plays the 3rd of the bB minor 3rd chord.


So this creates a 6th with respect to bass or the interval bD bB. An interval of major 6th. All also because all F are natural in the scale of B flat minor the third with respect to bass is major ie bD F. So D6 in Bach's notation is the chord bD F bB or bD major 3rd major 6th.


And then just before singing bass becomes bB, creating the bB minor 3rd chord, amazing.


It was way past midnight.


And then the bass becomes step down bass with the usual Bach's code so that 6th, 7th is prepared to listener's brain:
B it was way past
A6 midnight, and she
G7 couldn't fall asleep

Remember all B, D, E, G, A are flat since the scale or key is B flat minor.


At ""couldn't" fall asleep" for example he sings F while bass is G flat creating the amazing sounding interval of major seventh. Amazing song.


See also:


Bach Bass Rules
https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf



At chorus most notes become natural with bass C then bass A then bass A flat then bass B flat. A part on synth keeps playing G natural throughout so code created is C, A7, bA7, bB6. So all unusual intervals are prepared for the human brain and Therfore sounding amazing. At 2:14 for example.

Just one fullrange speaker may well be the best communication tool between a music electrical signal and our brain

For example the Tesla 5in fullrange drive unit mounted on a linoleum triangular pyramid Vicky Pleiades enclosure.


It is already being used as a tool for critical listening.


It works just by connecting it even to headphones out. For example iPad's headphones out.


At the moment sound quality of DX7 patches is assessed by listing on YouTube examples:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gxi9Le5HsQw#fauxfullscreen
Even sounds with many seconds of reverberation are clearly heard.
iPad and speaker are just on the table.


Thinking about it is more or less one clear ray of sound from a 5in speaker to our ears and brain.


There is some monitoring room revebaration too but it is too small as the speaker is used as nearlfield monitor. But even room revebaration sounds very clear from such a nice almost point source speaker.


On the other extreme even the shortest in time transients sound great too.


Funny as it seems the fisherman with a battery transistor radio in the boat has a more critical quality reproducing system than most of the recording studios except the best ones which use such critical monitoring too.


Only problems with the transistor radio is the usually battery saving class B push pull amplifier wity negative feedback or more modern class D amplifiers. And the rectangular shape of the radio with its hard plastic surfaces. Such problems are on the way to be solved with a triangular pyramid and the soft vibration absorbing linoleum.


Class A amplification (electrons flowing all the time) especially with as few active or passive electronic components as possible sends everything else to the cleaners.

The 4 5 chord resolved to 3 5

For example


C F G resolved to
C E G


Or rearranging


F G C to
E G C


See also Bach Bass Rules


Vivaldi was artfully using it a lot.


Here is a modern example of such beautiful bass code.


A Salty Dog - Procol Harum Live
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3Gi7Z3-T_qQ#fauxfullscreen


Bach Bass Rules:
https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

What is a vocal producer?

This term was read on Wikipedia while looking for who produced Say it Right - Furtado


Then Google search:
what is a vocal producer


It is someone helping to get the best recorded vocal performance of an artist?

The amazing bass code of Say it Right - Nelly Furtado

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6JnGBs88sL0


For this music experiment a keyboard musical instrument is needed.


Bass code or Harmony is so simple yet so involved on this song.


However referring to the Bach-Niedt bass code manual [Bach] it can be understood.


Let's first show what is happening in a simpler key which has many white (or natural) notes for simplicity of demonstration.


If the key were E minor ie all notes white except F sharp the harmony would had been:
E bass and E G B
D bass and D F B (remember all F are sharp)
C bass and E G B
A bass and C E B


So the chords derived just by using the bass number code and the right sharps are E minor 3rd, D major 3rd major 6th, C major 3rd major 7th, A minor 3rd major ninth. Note music is always referred to bass. Bass actually comes from the word base βασις meaning foundation.


So easy, sophisticated and effective. Note how the principle of least change in music is cleverly followed. If plain 1 3 5 harmonic triads were used it would have sounded like primary school stuff or an artless symphony.


The Bach bass code is:


E
D6
C7
A9


The actual key is F minor. (F minor has A flat, B flat, D flat, E flat)


Bass code is:


F
E6
D7
B9


So by taking the correct flats:


F bass and F bA C
bE bass and bE G C
bD bass and F bA C
bB bass and bD F C


We see all 7ths or 9ths with respect to bass are prepared [Bach] for the human brain by having the actual notes creating such intervals with respect to future bass heard in advance.



The backing vocals play in an amazing way with such nice bass code.


Reference:


Bach Bass Rules:
https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf


(On Bach Bass Rules, Bach gives a bass note and a number above it which defines what the right hand would have to play. The right hand staff is completed for sake of illustration. If no number is written above bass we just play 1 3 5 on the right hand. For example for F we just play F A C. If a number exists above bass we find what the right hand should play by fowling the Bach bass rules. For example D7 means play D bass add the seventh ie C and the 3rd F. The seventh must be prepared so that the listener's brain is prepared. We then add the flats or sharp of the scale used for the composition. For the case of above pop song D7 means bD bass and F bA C. Easy.

Is it possible to use gaped washers for winding single ended output transformers?

This may be handy if an output transformer is wound for a (single ended) class A (electrons flowing all the time) amplifier with one active device. The air gap prevents magnetic core saturation by DC.


Possible uses for example Pleiades V6 mic booster pre amplifier (although it may not be needed as a small anode current exists anyway, Pleiades BD139 power amplifier etc.

Improving the sound of DX7 or other great synthesizers

Intonation or tuning must be done by ear brain as music is to be listened to by humans and not by a machine, frequency counter, spectrum analyzer, electronic tuner etc.


Why?
Because a doubling of frequency (engineering octave) sounds a flat or shrinked smaller octave to human perception or pitch perception by our brain [Terhardt], [Euroelectron].
Pitch, the human perception of height of tone also depends on intensity not only frequency [Stevens].


So what to do?
Play by ear.


For example if a DX7 is used for playing high notes, violins etc, master tuning can be increased a few small steps until the part sounds right. The difference in quality of music produced can be tremendous.
Similarly for bass parts master tuning must be decreased to lower than 440Hz until bass part sounds right or in tune. Subjectively this gives a great bass sound as the brain is now free to listen, not correcting mistskes.


If a Yamaha DX7ii, Korg Triton or other synths which have all note scale programming capability are used, the Pleiades equal temperament or tuning can transform those great instruments to even greater.


See Pleiades tuning - euroelectron
http://euroelectron.blogspot.com/2014/07/pleiades-tuning-for-dx7ii.html
http://euroelectron.blogspot.com/2014/07/making-your-korg-triton-best-worldwide.html


Similar principles apply when editing or programming voices on DX7.


See also previous post on how the Pleiades tuning had been created. This would be useful for improving it or creating improved versions of other temperaments such as for example just A minor tuning etc.


References:


Sound and Hearing - Stevens Warshofsky - timenLife science series


Streched Octaves - Terhardt


Engineering vs Musical octaves - euroelectron

Interview of John Chowning, father of FM synthesis

Scene World Magazine channel
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fScdhVk9kJc#fauxfullscreen


Without his discovery there wouldn't had been a DX7 so there wouldn't had been the 80's music as we know it.

Generating FM sounds in analog domain using the XR-2206

It is possible to use a sinewave generator to frequency modulate an XR-2206 or 2 XR-2206 IC one frequency modulating the other.


It is interesting how formants can be created resembling the oh, ah, ee vocal sounds just be rotary knob varying the frequency of the modulator to sweet spots and then increasing the modulating sinewave amplitude to create ah, oh, eh, ee (frequency band) formats etc.


Is it feasible to use an analog synthesizer frequency modulating another analog synthesizer for FM synthesis in analog domain?

The DXed DX manager is a great computer program

Even without the use of a midi cable, voice parameters can be read and copied manually to DX7. Which is nice as an educational process.

Is on paper chart the most reliable way to save a DX7 voice data?

After so many years the DX7ii internal battery discharged.


Internal dat had been lost.


But fortunately some favourite voices had been written on Blank Voice Data Chart (found and photocopied from the DX7ii manual) with the kind help of Loula. Including some very simple and effective voices created by her.

Additive synthesis

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_synthesis#Speech_synthesis

Yamaha CX-5M computer with midi FM synthesizer

It sounds great.


https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha_CX5M


http://shortscale.org/forum/viewtopic.php?p=793327#793327

14 influential synthesizers

from www.factmag.com


https://www.factmag.com/2016/09/15/14-most-important-synths/

Yamaha DX7 with many seconds of reverberation

Paul Eastham channel:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gxi9Le5HsQw#fauxfullscreen


For example at 16:38 Voice 3.

The expanding universe

Fermilab channel
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vIJTwYOZrGU#fauxfullscreen

Some musical instruments used by Duft Punk

http://www.daftpunk-anthology.com/dpa/instruments-softs

Goddard Lieberson

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddard_Lieberson

A brief history of DX7

https://mn2s.com/news/features/brief-history-yamaha-dx7/

Science behind DX7

https://5mag.net/gear/history-science-yamaha-dx7/

Μπράβο Βίκυ σκίζει το ηχείο

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


Every melodic line including bass can be clearly understood.


Excellent transient response.


Referring to Vicky's triangular pyramid made of linoleum Pleiades fullrange 5in Tesla monitoring speaker.


Now playing:
Broken Wings - Mr. Mister


Amazing DX7 bass line.

John Chowning, the man behind FM synthesis

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chowning


John Chowning's patent US4018121 is used for example in Yamaha DX7
(Abstract: Musical Sounds are synthesized by means of frequency modulation with the carrier and modulating frequency being in the audio range and the modulating index being related to a (mathematical) function to control the bandwidth and evolution in time of the partial frequencies of synthesized sound.


See also:
The synthesis of complex audio spectra by means of frequency modulation - John B. Chowning - artificial intelligence laboratory - Stanford - California



If memory is correct from read interviews (please do your own search) his university did not get it at first and he was accused of using too much computer processing power. He had been sent away...
Then when Yamaha got it and FM synthesis, DX7 synths sold hugely etc, he was sent back to his university and been made director of department etc.


Most of the song hits we love from the 80s use one or many FM synthesized sounds usually from a Yamaha DX7 or DX7ii.


For example the bass sound of:


Broken Wings - Mr. Mister


Maria Magdalena - Sandra


Countless examples


See also co authored book:
http://www.burnkit2600.com/manuals/fm_theory_and_applications.pdf
FM theory and Applocations by musicians for musicians

Yamaha DX7 Synthesizer

Power DX7 channel
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=WiYa4oUxKR8


This video shows familiar DX7 created melodies

Programming Solid Bass patch on Yamaha DX7, DX7ii

madFame channel
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4LcJsiNkpb4#fauxfullscreen

Famous uses of Yamaha DX7 Bass etc

http://bobbyblues.recup.ch/yamaha_dx7/dx7_examples.html


For example
Broken Wings - Mr. Mister
E.Bass 1

Maria Magdalena - Sandra
Bass 1

Πράτοντες γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης

What amplifier do modern mobile devices use?

While searching for data on the Philips BC549 (see previous post), at the end of the datasheet is a URL:
www.semiconductors.philips.com


which redirects to:
www.nxp.com


Then while searching on this site on audio amplifiers, this class D amplifier had been found:


https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/TFA9895_SDS.pdf

Philips datasheet of BC549 low noise transistor

http://www.audiodesignguide.com/DACend2/BC549_550.pdf


As the EMI TG12345 console uses in most stages the low noise general purpose BC109 which may be harder to find, would a more modern BC549 operate just as well?

Mass in B minor - Bach

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7F7TVM8m95Y#fauxfullscreen



(Full of brilliant 9th intervals with respect to bass).
Even at the very beginning. At 0:20 bass is E, soprano line F sharp. Countless other examples, 38:51 etc.
Then (back to introduction)  at 0:33 bass becomes G creating with the prepared F sharp the 7 major seventh interval so much used by Pink Floyd, Burt Bucharach, Jobim, Morricone and others.


Intervals (with respect to bass) are the colors or letters of music.


See also Bach Bass Rules


Mass in B minor full score - Bach - Dover publications

The importance of rhythm

Music elements are bass, melody, harmony (notes at the same time). And rhythm which may well be the most important.


For example on
Eternal Flame - Bangles
there is a percussion event every 4th beat of a bar.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PSoOFn3wQV4


Are there other musical compositions on our planet that have a percussion every forth beat of a bar?


Other example.
Suspicious Mind - Elvis Presley
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SBmAPYkPeYU
At 1:46 changes from 4 beats per bar to 3 beats per bar
ie time signature from 4/4 to 3/4 (waltz).

Pleiades linoleum Vicky tetrahedron speaker sounds or looks as if coming out of space

Πράτοντες γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης

How would a linoleum Pleiades Vicky tetrahedron speaker sound with a drive unit on each of the 3 sides

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


Linoleum made speaker standing with triangular pyramid base on table.


Speaker placed in the middle of table so that many people can hear similar sound around the table.


Having said that even with just one drive unit loudspeaker sounds very nice from back sides. Less of course high frequency content but there is still a surprising high about of it. Bass is great. Mid too.


One of the reasons bass is great too is the possibly the fact that linoleum sides vibrate like a passive woofer. The triagular pyramid shape helps greatly in making sides vibrate only with deep bass? For some reason very low mid content comes out of linoleum sides from tetrahedron, lack or reduced standing wave resonance from non parallel walls?

A speaker should sound great even connected to headphones out

Pleiades Vicky linoleum tetrahedron speaker test 2. Comparison with Sennheiser HD580

Signal path:


Music from YouTube - iPad mini headphone out - Pleiades Vicky or Sennheiser HD 580


Tracks used:


Don't Know any Better - Purescence
HD580 sounds getting one octave lower at least.
Linoleum Pleiades Vicky speaker sounds very natural with perhaps a bit coloration at some high mid. This may be due to the excellent in so many ways Tesla speaker, not known yet.
HD580 was then played at very low volume to fool brain to a lower perceived bandwidth: sound quality had similarity between the two.


Then a track with almost a Capella female voice was tried to examine mid high region and to compare without the influence of the bass heaviness or lack of it.
Ain't Nobody - Jasmine Thomson version:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5f2hQv258Q
Speaker and headphones sounded much similar. This is a good surprise.


Then the well known radio played DJ Felix remix from above Jasmine Thomson source was played to speaker:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oL4X4sc6IF4
Transient detail is breathtaking even on bass.
So (definition) clear sound. Amazing job by DJ Felix. A so amazing intelligibility.

It should certainly be possible to use such speaker to produce music of the finest quality as when finest quality exists speakers show it proudly. The speaker reproduces well the bass frequencies too.

The best sounding so far music track on the Pleiades linoleum tetrahedron Vocky speaker

Ain't nobody - Felix remix from Thomson version
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oL4X4sc6IF4


Scaring transient response.


Speaker still only connected to iPad mini headphones one on one channel

Richard Carpenter explaining on the piano the arrangement of Close to You - Bacharach, Carpenters

On 29:38

Burt Bacharach documentary
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hcGDvUgewu4#fauxfullscreen

Burt Bacharach Documentary

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hcGDvUgewu4#fauxfullscreen

Far from Everything - Angelo feat Shaya

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iQlhqefeoYw

To France - Mike Oldfield

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gHG6dExCzLw#fauxfullscreen

Has the Big in Japan - Alphaville vocal been created with Varispeed?

This is a live a version. Vocal still looks played back.


https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sjGl-pq4RxQ#fauxfullscreen


Hard to explain why but by comparing voice timbre and speed of expression with image brings to mind Varispeed processing while vocal had been recorded at the studio.


Or playing back recorde tape at slightly higher speed when master tape had been created by re recording.

Πράτοντες γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης

Κάνοντας γινόμαστε (modern Hellenic) - Αριστοτελης


We become by doing - Aristotle (Aristotelis)


(Philosopher Aristotle had been the tutor of Alexander the Great)

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Hello to United States, Germany, France, Hellas

The ultimate speaker test?

Could well be whether the melody of each instrument can be written down or understood by brain in real time.


For example on the song:
This girl's in love - Bacharach
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Gd2Q8VCk9co
For example distuguising each trumpet note counterpoint with Dionna Warwick's vocal line.


Linoleum Vicky triagular base pyramid Pleiades speaker performs well on that respect too.



Another difference between this speaker and conventional shape wooden speakers is that linoleum vibrates at all (base) bass notes so all low frequency notes sound as if they resonate but they are not colored either. Ie not some notes standing out or booming and the rest being down in level.

Πράτοντες γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης

The TB-303? bass on Veridis Quo - Daft Punk

seems to be having accents at points similar to rim shot pattern of rumba Latin songs.


It can be heard very clearly at 4:20
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ySLc8gZ3oEc


Like this:


- - A -
- A - -
A - - Α
- - Α -

Where A is accent on above 1/16 rhythm matrix where each line has a time value of one beat.


These patterns can be easily reverse engineered in real time by playing with consecutive fingers 4 hits on a table per beat or bar together with listening. Then noting which finger touches the table with each heard accent or event.

The relative large areas of vibrating linoleum are efficient radiators of low frequency content in loudspeakers

Large vibrating areas move a lot of air molecules. A lot of air needed for efficient bass radiation.


The triagular pyramid made of vibrating linoleum creates a horn loaded bass arangment together with the back corner walls just like Klipschorn speakers.



See also other posts.

Ηχείο απο Λινολεουμ σε σχήμα τριγωνικής πυραμίδας

Άλλη τάξη πραγμάτων.


Αυτη τη στιγμή ακουγεται απο το iPad mini οι τέσσερις εποχές - Vivaldi - Marinner
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ByZx6oBd4yA


Αν και ο iPad εχει ωραιο μεγάφωνακι για υψηλές, συνδέοντας το ευρείας 5 ίντσες Tesla μεγάφωνο στο κουτί ττετραεδροηχείο πυραμίδας απο λινολευμ φενεται μεγαλη η διαφορα ακομα και στις υψηλές συχνότητες.


Το λινολευμ κανει απόσβεση εςωτερικης αντιχησης η συντονισμού ενω το σχήμα τριγωνικής πυραμίδας παραγει οςο το δυνατό λιγότερο απο αυτα μεςα στο ηχείο (loudspeaker).


 Επισεις το λινολευμ παλλόμενο στις μεγάλες επιφάνειες ακτινοβολεί χαμηλές συχνότητες οπως ενα ηχείο μουσικού οργάνου αλλα χωρις χρωματισμό. Το πιο μερος της τριγωνικής πυραμίδας δημιουργει με τους τοίχους και το παλλόμενο λινολευμ συχνά κόρνας για τις χαμηλές οπως στο ηχείο Klipschorn.


 Αποτέλεσμα, φυσικός ήχος με οςο το δυνατόν λιγότερο χρωματισμό σε όλο το φάσμα συχνοτήτων.



Το Pleiades Vicky linoleum tetrahedron fullrange monitoring speaker.


Δειτε επισεις:


https://euroelectron.blogspot.com/2019/07/comparison-between-linoleum-cube-and.html

Πράτοντες γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης

We become by doing - Aristotle


Γινόμαστε κάνοντας - Αριστοτελης

On linoleum triangular pyramid speaker, linoleum radiates the bass guitar sound only

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


See yesterday's post with today's updates:


https://euroelectron.blogspot.com/2019/07/comparison-between-linoleum-cube-and.html


But this is not strictly true. When for example electric guitar is not playing at some moment of a track, a bit of other frequency content can be heard too, for example midrange but it is bit of a bad colored quality such as on the cube speaker.



Τhe relatively large areas of vibrating linoleum are efficient radiators of low frequency content.


For example at 2:25
Seeds of Love - Tears for Fears
https://euroelectron.blogspot.com/2019/07/comparison-between-linoleum-cube-and.html

Reverse engineering the vocals of Space Oddity - Bowie

This was found out by chance while listening to the Pleiades Vicky linoleum triagular pyramid speaker connected directly to iPads headphones out.


Naturally one of the 2 Chanel's, the left one was connected to speaker.


The backing vocal line is clearly heard.


For example on " Here am I siting in a tin can" at Heee..., David sings C while we know the lead vocal on the other channel is E creating F major 7th with respect to bass which is F. So second voice does the C which is at this particular moment a perfect 5th above bass F.


It can be listened at around 2:20
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iYYRH4apXDo

ABBA at the recording studio

Gimme Gimmie - ABBA

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=XEjLoHdbVeE

Comparison between linoleum cube and linoleum triagular pyramid monitoring speakers

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


Bravo to Vicky.


It is preliminary observation but it looks like linoleum as speaker material with its self damping or broad frequency absorbing quality instead of wood and Vicky's coming up with the shape of tetrahedron might be in the direction of solving one of the greatest problems in loudspeaker design. That of coloration due to the sound wave traped like a helpless cat inside the speaker enclosure. The ugly bass reasonance, mid coloration, mid high frequency shrill etc.


It looks also like the Pleiades linoleum Vicky triagular pyramid makes the sound quality listenable even with high feedback transistor amplifiers. Not known why yet but a guess is that the ugly trapped resonant acoustic standing wave converted to analogous voltage wave by the reciprocity microphone voltage generating effect of speaker drive unit is not getting into the feedback loop of the power amplifier. In a feedback loop staying or iterating forever perhaps like consumed trans fat which when getting into to body is so difficult to get out that it may eventually get out by cancer surgery (please do your own search, this is not a statement by a medical doctor).


First signal path: (the cable used at Vicky's lab had a bad contact problem, this is now fixed. So even connecting just to iPad without using an external amplifier sound spreads around many rooms.


YouTube tracks - iPad mini headphone out - one channel fed to either linoleum cube or linoleum tetrahedron speaker with Teasla 5in drive unit


Dimenssions for cube is standard Auratone 5C, for the pyramid length of any side is 30cm.


How does the linoleum cube sound like?
Like a box. Louder and uglier.


How does the linoleum tetrahedron sounds like?
Much more smooth.
It was also noticed that treble information is radiated even from the sides or back of the speaker.


Best sounding tracks so far:
Tocatta and Fugue in D minor - Bach

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Nnuq9PXbywA


Mad about you - Hooverphonics LIVE
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6EA-MIYY1bg


Next day, morning listening:


Pyramid sounds neutral perhaps not impressive. The role of a speaker is not sounding impressive.


Listening to many tracks including Tibular Bells - Oldfield - BBC live
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=KXatvzWAzLU#fauxfullscreen


It is noteworthy that what can be heard from the linoleum itself, for example from the sides is a clean bass guitar sound only. No a boomy bass. Bass electric guitar with its nice overtones or harmonics. For example on the song:
Seeds of Love - Tears for Fears
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iYYRH4apXDo


Any disadvantage of the linoleum triangular pyramid?


There must be at least one, all loudspeakers have disadvantages. It may be some kind of mid or higher upper mid frequency reasonance or coloration. Much less and different than on cube. Hard to know yet. No measurements have been done yet. If this is the case perhaps it can be improved by change of the volume of pyramid. So far it's test phase one with just an iPad connected to it, no amplifier operating in class A (electrons flowing all the time) connected to it yet.

How would a recording studio or place in the shape of triagular pyramid sound like?

Non parallel walls.

Hello to France

By doing we become - Aristotle

Πράτοντες γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης


(Κάνοντας γινόμαστε) - Αριστοτελης

2nd Pleiades triangular pyramid linoleum Vicky speaker is under completion

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


It is made as described on previous post.


Date time code is 19072114. While engraving this Vicky kindly brought the first prototype she built. Kindly stating it is a Pleiades invention.


This is incomplete. Pleiades contributed to the use of linoleum for its elastomer property and lack of ugly wooden reasonance of conventional speakers. Vicky came up with the tetrahedron (triagle pyramid) shape after suggestion from Michalis to examine horn loaded Lowther cabinet designs. The Triagular pyramid gives amazing non parallel wall performance making the sides of the speaker only radiate at bass frequencies of good quality and not at middle frequencies as well as in the case of a cube. The triagular pyramid also can uses the walls as extension of a horn, much like the Klipshorn speaker. Horn throat is defined by the vibrating linoleum thin material and the boundary of the walls. This arangment gives projection of bass in a larger room from a relatively small pyramid speaker. If Vicky did not think of it Pleiades would possibly never had come up with a triagular pyramid shape. Square base linoleum pyramids had been built at Pleiades from linoleum for bass absorption inspired by photos of EMI Columbia Athens studio 3 (wooden?) phew minds for diffusion and possibly bass absorption. The triagular pyramid shape is very suitable for a speaker. Very rigid too.


Linoleum objects absorb bass by sympathetic vibration thereby converting difficult to absorb bass sound to heat. So a soaker as such an object will not only radiate music of good sound quality but also reduce the reverberation. Time at bass frequencies of a room improving acoustics clarity.


First prototype is made of red Tarkett linoleum.


Second prototype is being made with apple green Tarkett linoleum.

A method a quickly creating a triangular pyramid linoleum fullrange minitoring speaker

At your risk. Take all safety precautions.


1 linoleum sheet is put on top of a wipe cleaned surface.


2 underneath linoleum can be placed another layer of a material for the protection of original working surface area.


3 An equilateral triagle is made on a piece of cardboard with the aid of a compass. Side can be for example 30cm for a 5in drive unit. This will be used as the master guide for making the net of the tetrahedron, see Wikipedia tetrahedron, net. So small holes are pierced with a small + screwdriver at the crests of the equilateral triagle.


4 By using the master cardboard and screwdriver 3 corresponding marks are made on linoleum (protect your working surface area while doing this). The tiny holes or rather wells are marked with a marker if needed.


5 Using 2 of the marked holes on linoleum and the master cardboard, a forth hole is created or rather marked or defined, then a fifth etc until the full tetrahedron net is defined.


6 by using a large ruler and marker the net is drawn.


7 3 ears are also drawn which will be useful for structural support and as hot gluing areas. One of the triangles will have no ears. This can be the closing side of the speaker. So the base will have 2 ears. And the other side will have 1.


8 Pleiades logo and serial number (date time code) can be writen on one side by a marker and then passed many times or engraved by a sharp pointer or pen with such sharp pointer.


9 The speaker hole can then be cut engraving for example many times in a circular motion with a strong reliable compass divider.


10 The net shape is cut (attention to safety) for example with an exacto and a ruler and the inner side of triangles on the net just engraved at a suitable depth paying attention not to cut the juta backing which adds structural reinforcement when sides are bent to form the triangular pyramid.


11 Speaker cable is soldered to fullrange drive unit.


12. Drive unit is mounted on front side of linoleum tetrahedron by good quality Allen bolts, washers, star washers and nuts.


13 Tetrahedron is placed to shape and ears glued carefully with thermal glue. Undo of thermal glueing is easy with a few drops of methylated spirit .

14 connecting to amplifier paying attention to not using high sound presure levels. Music is enjoyed.

Πράτοντες Γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης

We become by doing - Aristotle

Linoleum made 3D objects are not just works of art

They are not just beautiful.


They are hygienic.


Easy to construct.


Friendly to the environment.


Strength including natural reinforcement by the juta backing. It can also be bent without baking thanks to juta backing.


Reduce significantly boominess and acoustic intelligibility of a space by linoleum's property of absorbing the annoying low and low mid frequencies by sympathetic vibration. Converting it to heat.


So apart from making loudspeakers linoleum can have many uses.


Where the first linoleum objects Pleiades made?

Creating efficient bass absorbers with a cat inside a linoleum shelter

Linoleum can convert bass sound to heat due to its eleatomer properties [Gilford]


A 3D linoleum object can be far from the room walls where sound particle velocity is large thereby increasing sound absorption properties.


A 3D object will also scatter, diffuse sound field thereby increasing absorption [see Harry Olson Patents, Gilford] as well as having important sound scattering properties.


A 3D structure made of linoleum, pyramid etc provided it had adequate fresh air ventilation openings can become a shelter for a domestic animal such as a cat. This takes further advantage of the hygienic and insulating properties of linoleum.


A cat for example inside its shelter or small house, with a nice big open arcade for ventilation, can increase absorption by its fur!


Only problem is what happens when cat wakes up hungry while recording music.




References:


Acoustics for radio and television studios - Gilford - BBC


Harry Olson patent on 3D sound absorbers

We become by doing - Aristotle

Πράτοντες γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης


Γινόμαστε κάνοντας (in modern Hellenic) - Αριστοτελης

Learning by copying

All the great master composers like Bach must have learned how to literally write music by copying scores of other composers. On what to compose the Bach Bass Rules manual by Bach, Niedt must have played an extremely important role too. See previous posts.

There were no photocopying machines at that time.

Bach must have been copying for example the Italian composers like Vivaldi, Marcello etc. he also make great aranngments of their concerts for keyboard instrument.

The brother of Bach was jealous of him and would hide light candles etc. Bach would have to copy under perhaps just a candle, something that made his eyesight suffer a lot when he became older.

Much of this information comes from the book of his second wife,  The chronicle of Anna Magdalena Bach.

Is it not a good exercise for leaning to write music to copy a score?

Or for leaning to draw nice electronic diagrams or schematics copying one by hand?

Like when we learn character copying at school for our first or second language.

By doing we become - Aristotle

Πράτοντες γινόμεθα - Αριστοτελης

An example of entropy increase

Getting on bus with new white shoes.

The oscillating amplifier of Fair Mate CS-524

It is a cassette player, recorder.


It did not work at all.


After depressing REC button a few times and waiting for long while cleaning heads etc it suddenly started to motorboat.


Post interrupted by earthquake.


Frequency and amplitude of oscillation changes with volume control.


Very funny sound like an airplane flying.

Mechanical stability of the triangular pyramid loudspeaker

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


It is very stable even when using the 2.5mm thick soft linoleum material.


It can support firmly itself with a heavy magnet drive unit even befor glueing the structure.


The linoleum juta backing reinforcement in bent sides plays an important role too.


This suggest that larger tetrahedron linoleum speakers are possible, not only small nearlfield monitoring or cute baby ones.

Triangle pyramid Vicky linoleum Pleiades fullrange speaker 2nd tests

(Later addition: The linoleum triagle pyramid speaker may have a less flat frequency response than the linoleum cube Auratone 5C type speaker. More experiments needed.)


How it started:
It all started by inspiration from the Auratone 5C speakers used in the music industry for critical listening (no crossover network, no time distortion by point source radiation). Then the idea of using linoleum instead of wood came inspired by its use for membrane bass absorbers in broadcasting studios. Then Michalis drew a plan for horn mounting of Lowther speakers. Vicky inspired by this came up with the idea of making a triaglular pyramid since it embeds the horn shape.


Recent updates:
The Tesla fullrange 5in 4Ω drive unit had been hardwired to red black speaker cable. The linoleum color is red, the drive unit color is black, mounting Allen screws are black. So there is a 2 color code which look rather nice. An art object.


At the other end cable had been connected to iPad's mini headphone out. There was problem with the mini stereo jack and alligator clip cables used. Bad contacts etc. sound would fade in, out as cable were being moved around.


Tesla drive unit has been mounted with screws, washers, star washers nuts for the first time to the front panel of linoleum tetrahedron. Star washers are obviously at the juta side of linoleum. Drive unit had been fastened to place while tetrahedron linoleum net had been flat on table or held carefully by hands.


It was astonishing that after mounting the speaker and folding the linoleum by hands to create the triangular pyramid shape with its suitable 3 ears which will be thermal glued...


The pyramid could stand on its own, supporting firmly the very heavy drive unit and this was before the need to apply any thermal glue to the structure.


So some listening experiments could be carried out by opening the back of pyramid or closing it while listening.


Sound was quite good in both cases.


So far these are some advantages of the triangular pyramid by Vicky who came up with this ingenuous shape while discussing suitable shapes for speakers created from linoleum instead of wood:


Small standing wave coloration even when placing (attention to sound levels and hearing protection) ears close to open backed pyramid in order to listen to the sound field inside the object. This was done quite safely as the headphone output of iPad is of the order of same milliwatts.


Very rigid structure supporting very heavy drive unit while tetrahedron shape is self locked in place without using glue.


The front face even though made of soft linoleum does not seem to bend or change angle by the weight of the drive unit. Much much less that the linoleum Auratone type 5C Pleiades cube. This is partly due to the crossection of pyramid decreasing from base to crest.


Almost no coloration by listening close to the linoleum sides (attention to hearing from high SPLs needed) of the triagular pyramid. Only very nice quality bass can be heard possibly by sympathetic vibration of the larger area self damped linoleum surfaces. By comparison the cube sides emmit much much more mid range which is colored and somewhat ugly.


Obviously no parallel walls or enclosure sides.


By placing the tetrahedron linoleum speaker near a room corner corner. bass is increased by the Klipschorn effect, vibration of linoleum and walls crating the end of a relatively large horn. Bass projects to larger distance across the room.



Tests must be continued with class A (electrons flowing all the time) low power amplifiers.


And possibly constant music current drive with respect to frequency. For example on feedback class A amplifiers. Or a conventional amplifier in series with a seriws resistor for creating constant current drive. See Nelson Pass papers on driving fullrange speakers in order to avoid the transistor radio effect.


How does it sound so far?


Very natural.


Best sounding track so far is Billie Jean - Michael Jackson


This Girl's in Love - Warwick sounded great too.


It needs to conformed if frequency response is still flat within (+ or -) 3db as in the case of the linoleum cube with the Tesla drive unit.


Amazing transient response