Sunday, December 31, 2017
How would B&O Beoplay A1 sound with a Pleiades A1 power amplifier?
How would it sound with just one 2N3055 transistor driving the speaker? One bias resistor from collector to base? The speaker itself being the collector load (See the Pleiades power amplifier). Perhaps also adding a CD player too since the shape is so like a portable CD Walkman?
This low power Pleiades amplifier operating in class A (electrons flowing all the time) has been tested with typical Sony APM 2 way speakers and it sounds fantastic. Not louder than real life but as natural and as life like as real life.
Wireless signal tracer
At your own risk. Only qualified personnel.
How would it be to have a small signal tracing probe that transmits?
And a B&O type amp that plays what is traced.
Would it make fault finding with style? All precautions should be taken when opening equipment. Only qualified personnel.
Careful with MDF furniture Προσοχή στα έπιπλα απο MDF
Make a search on how MDF is made and whether it affects the respiratory system. Careful for example if a bed, your bed or your child's bed is made of MDF. Cheap furniture can prove very expensive to health.
Κάντε έρευνα απο τι φτιάχνεται η κόλλα του MDF. Προσοχή αν το κρεβάτι σας η του παιδιού σας ειναι απο MDF. Το φθηνό έπιπλο μπορεί να ειναι πολυ ακριβό στην υγεία.
Δεν φταίνε απαραίτητα οι εταιρίες, εμείς έχουμε την ευθύνη της υγείας μας. Ερευνούμε λοιπόν.
Saturday, December 30, 2017
Pleiades power amplifier continued, Ο τελικός ενισχυτής Πλειαδες, συνεχεια
Your own risk.
Trying to tidy it up in a box instead of crocodile cable clips in all directions on the floor.
It sounds amazing connected to a Sony 2 way APM speaker. On these speakers, the tweeter (paper cone snall speaker) is first order connected ie with just a series capacitor. A modern Philips ribbon tweeter oak wood speaker has not been connected yet.
All in all just 7 components including speaker?
2N3055 power transistor with HEATSINK.
10KΩ biasing resistor
9V battery
Fuse
Speaker
4.7KΩ log potentiometer with
Switch
The speaker is OTL (output transformer less) connected to the collector as collector load. About 300mA pass through it and it seems to operate fine.
HEATSINK is important to minimize the chance of thermal runaway.
Rb=10KΩ is connected from collector to base.
The 4.7K pot is connected as variable resistor, rheostat, in series with the base. Only 2 terminal of the pot have been connected.
On the other side of it, it is connected to the CD player. The more the pot is turned clockwise the more the CD player line out is loaded and bass responce drops. This is presumably because there is a series output capacitor used for blocking DC. This bass drop may be useful for compensating the equal loudness ear brain frequency responce curves also called Fletcher Munson curves. Otherwise the frequency responce of the Pleiades amplifier tends to 0 Hz as there is no coupling capacitor from power transistor to speaker. Even the quiescent current passes through the speaker.
So everything is in class A (electrons flowing all the time) and the amplifier sounds amazing and much louder than it's very small power output suggests. The mid band is a joy to hear and the high frequency detail unbelievable. Bass is excellent.
Everything is to be put including speaker and input connectors in a small cigarette like box.
It is a mono block amplifier so both channels a fed to it. The singer and instruments come from a nearly point source giving the illusion that they exist in the room.
It may be nice to make this amp to an active speaker on a beautiful box like those designed by Jacob Jensen for Bang and Olufsen (B&O). Or a self contained music (un)boom box player.
Setup, signsl path:
Dionne Warwick definitive collection CD, Arista - Sony Poportabke D-EJ758CK CD player line out - Pleiades power amp - Sony APM-078 speaker - reverberant room - listener's ear-brain
Reference:
2 transistor miniature AF Amplifier - K. Jones - page 41 - Audio Amplifiers - J.R. Davies editor - Data Publications LTD LONDON
Thursday, December 28, 2017
Η Κανελινα, ποιο μνημόνιο και οι σοφοί γλάροι
Ειναι χειμώνας. Τοςο ωραίος και ο χειμώνας.
Η Κανελινα έβαλε τα κλάματα γιατι άκουγε παλι για το μνημόνιο χωρις να πολυ καταλαβαίνει τι ειναι.
Έτρεξε στην παραλια, στους σοφούς γλάρους να την παρηγορήσουν. Εκει είταν και ο μακροβουτηχτος κορμοράνος. Και αυτός σε έναν βράχο που εβγαινε μεςα απο το νερό. Μόλις είχε κανει τεράστιο μακροβούτι και έφαγε πολλά ψάρια, έσκασε. Είχε ανοιχτές απλωμένες τις μαύρες μεγάλες φτερούγες του για να στεγνώσουν απο τον ήλιο.
Μόλις άκουσε για μνημόνιο λύθηκε στα γέλια. Τοςο γέλιο που για να τον σταματήσουν έπρεπε να του δώσουν φάπα.
Η Κανελινα σκούπισε τα δάκρυα της.
Οι γλάροι ειπαν ήρεμα στην Κανελινα οτι δεν εχει αλλάξει τίποτα γι αυτούς. Παλι ειναι στον βράχο τους και οταν θέλουν βουτάνε λιγο για να πιάσουν κανα ψάρι. Και ο Ηλιος βγαινει καθε μέρα. Και αυτο δεν μπορεί κανεις να το αλλάξει.
"Για το μνημόνιο μάθαμε απο το ραδιόφωνο. Αλλα τώρα δεν ακούμε πια ειδήσεις γιατι ήρθε ενα μεγάλο κύμα στο βράχο, βράχηκε το ραδιόφωνο και χάλασε. Και ετςι γλιτώσαμε."
Το μονο που μας χαλάει λιγο ειναι το πετρέλαιο. Αλλα σιγα σιγα με την εντροπία μεςω διαχυςης καθαρίζει απο την καθαρή Μεσόγειο.
Η Κανελινα πετάχτηκε απο την χαρά της.
Φώναξε τον γάτο με την πραςινη κορδελα, την υπομονετική χελώνα και τον λεπτό γέρικο σκύλο.
Και όλοι μαζι χόρεψαν και τραγουδηςαν κατω απο τις λαμπερές ακτίνες του Ηλιου που δεν αφηνει καμια σκια στην αλήθεια.
Wednesday, December 27, 2017
On how lust cultivation helps increasing profit, not for you
Roughly translated from Hellenic from the previous euroelectron post.
Even the hope that something will be acquired may make you unfree.
Advertisement full of body image. Even ballet. Lust for something far away that if you had you may not have wanted.
Paid making love may help somebody being free from the above.
This may be the reason why it is accused by all that have interest in you being controlled from the inflated lust of flesh.
Religion, possibly the greatest public relations campaign on the planet is an ingenious concept.
Perhaps from the above we can see that: Part of the energy from the sun that any person gathers is in turn taken by a nicely controlled machine. In the form of collecting money from you too.
Nevertheless we must not accuse those who setup the machine.
Whether you fall to the trap or not just depends on you. On your freewill.
References:
Enchiridion - Epictetous
Fringe Knowledge for Beginers - Montalk
Και μονο με την ελπίδα οτι θ' αποκτήσεις κατι σε κανουν οτι θέλουν
Ετςι και η διαφήμιση με την εικόνα. Ιςως μέχρι ακομα και το μπαλέτο. Πόθος για κατι μακρυνο. Που αν το είχες θα το απομυθοποιούσες.
Ο πληρωμένος ερωτας απο την άλλη μερια βοηθά στο να ειναι κανεις ελεύθερος απο τα παραπάνω.
Ιςως γι' αυτο πολεμαται οπο όσους έχουν χρηματικό συμφέρον να ελέγχεσαι απο τον μεγενθυμενο πόθο της σάρκας.
Με το αζημίωτο.
Η θρησκεία, η μεγαλύτερη ιςως εκστρατεία δημοσίων σχέσεων στον πλανήτη ειναι ιδιοφυής σύλληψη.
Τελικά καταλήγει μερος της ενεργειας απο τον Ηλιο που αξιοποιεί καθε άτομο να μαζεύεται απο μια καλοστημένη μηχανή. Με τη μορφή χρήματος και απο σένα.
Δεν πρεπει ομως να κατηγορούμε όσους στήνουν τη μηχανή. Τη δουλειά τους κανουν.
Το αν θα πέσεις στην παγίδα εξαρτάται απο την ελεύθερη σου βούληση.
Πηγές:
Εγχειριδίο - Επικτητος - Απαντα τόμος 5 εκδόσεις Κάκτος
Frindge Knowledge for Beginers - Montalk - free PDF
Tuesday, December 26, 2017
Should a gate resistor be connected to the Pleiades K117?
Is a possible voltage build up on the gate of the K117 JFET enough to blow the secondary of a mic transformer?
Caution should be exercised. It seems wise to short circuit the gate to ground before connecting the mic. An MD21 HN microphine is now with an open circuit secondary? If this is the case could this be the cause?
Or including a gate resistor in the circuit.
Sunday, December 24, 2017
Uher 4200 Report, the best tape recorder?
Uher 4200 report.
What more could one ask for.
Minimal class A (electrons flowing all the time) signal path, descrete components, no ICs.
1/4in full track stereo, 7.5 ips (inch per second).
Beautiful and small.
Portable, lightweight.
5 C type battery powered with no DC to DC converters.
Motor servo control.
Excellent stability of speed.
Service man's paradise.
What a sound.
Treble extended and smooth like silk.
How would it sound with Pleiades mic prepreamps?
Signal path, setup:
(Master BASF tape recorded with Grampian ribbon mics - Sowter 1:20 transformers - Ferrograph series 6) - playback on Uher 4200 report with one channel not operating yet - Realistic disco mixer fed from 1 channel tape out and set to mono - Sennheiser HD 580
A simple exercise for learning music
The teacher gives a note (the bass or base) and the student adds the 3rd and 5th.
For example the teacher says G (Sol) and the student says of plays G B D, (Sol Si Re).
By this simple game all the basic seven chords are learned with which most of the music is composed.
Whether there will be flats of sharps it will all depend on the scale of the musical piece.
Reference:
Bach bass rules
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Powering electronic equipment that have been stored for long
At your own risk.
For example electronic battery organs.
Inserting the batteries and when the last one is connected, it is disconnected immediately. This avoids destroying the electrolytic capacitor which may be in parallel by charging it too quickly after it was discharged for so long. Electrolytic capacitors have memory. We have to give it time for the dielectric inside to reform.
After playing with the last battery in and out for a while...
When all batteries are in the switch must be pressed momentarily in and back to off to protect all the other electrolytic capacitors in the instrument.
After waiting for a few minutes. Back to on for a little longer etc.
If a synth like a Siel DK70 is to be powered by an external cable a series resistor of 10Kohm can be connected to slowly reform the shunt capacitor.
On tube equipment a 1 Megohm series resistor can be used to slowly reform power supply capacitors by taking all safety precautions. See other euroelectron posts by Google search.
Tuesday, December 19, 2017
A Hellenic musical piece with many 7ths Ενα ελληνικό μουσικο κοματι γεμάτο έβδομες συγχορδίες
Το Αγκίστρι - Χατζηνασιος
The Hook, Agistri - Hatzinasios
Music from the film of Klearhos Konitsiotis
Seventh chords of most kinds. The 3rd minor with 7th. The 3rd major with major 7th. 4ths you name it.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TZqeQO65gzM
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=WeGOYqDbGmY
Reference:
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Ενα ελληνικό κοματι με μεγάλες έβδομες
Επιμένω - Κυριάζης
Γραμμένο σε Σι ελασονα. Εχει συχνά μπαςο Σολ με Φα διεση στα μπουζούκια, αρα Σολ μεγάλη έβδομη.
Sound engineer: Πάνος Μποθος
Learning music yourself
1 make sure the food you eat is of the best possible quality.
2 the melody or right hand on keyboard can be learned by trial and error (ear brain judging) as everything in life.
3 the bass or left hand similarly. It is much more difficult. But if it is not C (Do) it will be D (Re). If it is not Re it will be E (Mi) etc. Not as tedious as it sounds, the notes are only 7.
4 if we find out the scale or key of the musical piece then everything, including sharps, if a chord is minor or major etc will take take of itself.
5 when we find the bass at a particular moment in time the basis chord will be defined by the simple rule 1. 3. 5. Example, if the bass is D the chord will be D, F, A.
6 as we progress by the analogy of flight hours we can begun using more so distracted code. For example D9 meaning, D bass, D, F, A, E.
7 when we begin understanding the manual of Bach we have already mastered most of the art of music.
Exercise: practice the above while simultaneously listening to the original version of Careless Wisper - George Michael (in D minor).
Reference:
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Πως να μάθετε μουσική μόνοι, μονες σας
1 φροντίζουμε να τρώμε την καλύτερη σε ποιοτητα τροφή.
2 το δεξί χέρι μπορούμε να το μάθουμε παίζοντας μια μελωδία και διορθώνοντας τα λάθη μας με το αυτί - εγκεφαλο.
3 το αριστερό χέρι η μπαςο με δοκιμή. Αν δεν ειναι Ντο θα ειναι Ρε. Αν δεν ειναι Ρε θα ειναι Μι κτλ. Δεν ειναι τοςο δύσκολο οςο φενεται. Οι νοτες ειναι μονο 7.
4 αφου βρούμε το μπαςο για καθε χρονική στιγμή οι απλές συγχορδίες προκύπτουν απο τον κανόνα 1, 3, 5. Πχ αν το μπαςο ειναι Ρε, η συγχορδία ειναι Ρε, Φα, Λα. Αν γνωρίζουμε σε ποια κλίμακα ειναι γραμμένο το κοματι, τα παντα, διεσεις, μινόρε η ματζορε προκύπτουν αυτόματα.
5 καθώς προχωράμε μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιούμε πιο εκλεπτυσμένο κώδικα. Πχ Ρε 9 ειναι Ρε, Φα, Λα, Μι.
6 Μαθαίνουμε απο τα λάθη μας οπως το παιδι που μαθαίνει να μιλάει η να περπατάει.
7 Αν αρχίσουμε να καταλαβαίνουμε το εγχειρίδιο του Μπαχ προς τους μαθητές του ειμαςτε ήδη σε επίπεδο κοντα στον σημαντικοτερο ιςως συνθέτη που γνώρισε η ανθρωπότητα.
Άσκηση: δοκιμάστε τα παραπάνω ακουγοντας ταυτοχρονα την αυθεντική εκτέλεση του Careless Wisper - George Michael (σε κλίμακα ρε ελλασονα η ρε μινόρε)
Πηγη:
Το εγχειρίδιο Μπαχ:
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Sunday, December 17, 2017
Why do mono radios sound do good?
And they can be anywhere in the room, the listener anywhere, it's a perfect localization.
The radio becomes a musical instrument on its own.
Is this what is meant by the great music companion under the pillow? People still remember it.
Voice for example coming from one point in space just like real life.
If the amp is really good, for example class A (electrons flowing all the time) the result is fantastic. For example a Dansette record player with its class A electron tube single ended amp. Perhaps nothing can beat it. Mike Oldfield had a Dansete when being a kid (BBC Tubular a Bells documentary?).
You can even have your back at a mono source. It still sounds fantastic. You can even be at a different room at the sound is still so natural.
More on the previous euroelectron post.
Portable amplifier speaker
Mono active speaker at amazing sound quality for playing music in any room by connecting your playback device.
Single ended class A.
Single ended at a few watts can sound fantastic and loud. With warm sound, fantastic treble, midrange, bass.
It is no coincidence that such transfer characteristics (low distortion at low level and gradual distortion at higher signal amplitude) are used in mastering for consumer records or radio, YouTube etc.
They give a high average level.
The amp speaker can be mono. Just like a pebble thrown on a lake. Great definition, warm sound, excellent localization. Excellent 3D virtual effect as the brain localizes naturally the source at any position of the listener in the room.
If using stereo and the listener is not equidistant from the speakers then 2 Madonnas for example are heard, one at each speaker which is unnatural.
The Pleiades amp speaker signsl path is very simple. Just a transistor. A biasing resistor from collector to base. The speaker directly connected to the collector. A battery with fuse. See a previous euroelectron post for full description of the Pleiades power amplifier. A high quality 2 way or 2 way coaxial or full range speaker can be used.
Low power consumption. The sound quality is such that even 1 or 2 watts power output may be enough. Or because of it or class A?
If the 3D effect is to be upgraded perhaps more such amps may be used one for each instrument. Great for learning music.
But even 1 speaker amp sounds amazing with all channels sent to it.
The excellent localization sounds warm, untiring and aid the brain to concentrate at a cocktail party. One could concentrate at music or discussion more easily without the music atmosphere being obtrusive. (The Cocktail Party effect may operate more effectively).
If a stereo amp for example is sending to 4 speakers in a living room the sound is thick and unclear. Like throwing 4 pebbles on a lake.
The concept of a mono reproduction came about from the little kid Ionas inquiring why 2 speakers?
Outdoor venue where (non vegetable fat palm oil) croissants are baked with solar oven
Vegetable fats, palm oil fats have a reputation of cloging blood arteries.
So what to use, the best butter made from milk as it is used by the best pâtisseries of Paris? For example Angelina, Pierre Hermé.
Orchestre Solaire
An orchestra where instruments are powered in real time by photovoltaic cells.
It can be portable battery powered keyboards, synths, amps etc.
Do it yourself Pizza Restaurant
Clients learn how to make their own pizza from flour.
Similar idea to those places where you go and wash yourcar yourself.
Thursday, December 14, 2017
It is not that hope forgets us...Δεν ειναι οτι η ελπίδα μας ξεχνά...
it is up to us to remember her
εμείς αποφασίζουμε να την θυμόμαστε
The sun above us.
Ο Ηλιος ψηλά.
Reference, πηγη:
The film: Shawshank Redemption
Η ταινια: Η τελευταία έξοδος της Ριτα Χειγουορθ
Wednesday, December 13, 2017
Η ευτυχία...Hapiness...
δεν ειναι μπροστά μας ούτε 10 βήματα.
is not in front to be reached.
Ειναι διπλα μας.
She is sitting next to us, anywhere.
Tuesday, December 12, 2017
A simple recording setup of excellent quality
Signal path:
Grampian GR1/L, 25-50Ω ribbon mics Blumlein Pair - Sowter 3104, 1:20 stepup input transformer for each mic (3.9 Henries to 470 Henries) - Ferrograph series 6 electron tube or valve reel to reel recorder at 7.5 ips
The Blumlein pair should have been in the middle of the room.
A cover of Supertwister - Camel was played.
The number of active amplifying devices from the musical instruments captured in the room by the mics to the recording tape is 3 electron tubes only. And a similar number for playback from tape, electron tubes, if for example played back on a Ferrograph, or transistors if for example played on a Uher.
The electric bass was connected to an electron tube amplifier to possibly 4 full range speakers connected in series parallel combination, mounted on an open baffle.
A WLM organ (from Finland) was connected to a PCL86 single ended class A electron tube power amp. The amp schematic from the excellent French data book Radio Tubes. The output transformer was made by Hammond manufacturing in U.S. The speaker was a rotating vintage ALNICO magnet full range mounted on an open back small cabinet and hanged from the ceiling for free rotation or Doppler effect, (Pleiades speaker).
Acoustic drums.
The Sowter transformers were used to match the low output and impedance of the excellent Grampian ribbon mics to the 1 MΩ ECC83 mic input of the excellent Ferrograph series 6.
Creamy smooth sound, no hiss.
Tape running at 7.5 ips.
At the time the heads were 1/4 track.
It is great using the same technique in modern recorders.
For example:
Moving coil mic or ribbon mic - input trasformer - electron tube or JFET prepreamp - any recorder
See the Pleiades V series battery electron tube prepreamps or the Pleiades JFET K117 prepreamp.
At the time nothing was known for the membrane bass absorbing panels, (Pleiades broadband absorbers). Nothing was known about the influence of the input transformer primary inductance on adjusting for bass proximity effect. Nothing was known that mics can be fairly close and compensating for bass increase. This recording was payed back after all those years on a Uher 4200 with just one channel operating and with mono bridged HD-580 headphones. Not tested yet with speakers, it might not sound good due to excesive room sound. But this particular recording made before 2000 sounds balanced, clear and warm. Might or might not send ordinary analog multitrack 24 channel recording with console mixing (adding more correctly) (complex signal path) to the cleaners.
Monday, December 11, 2017
Music is Language
Not Janguage, Kanguage.
First you learn to play and then you learn to read and the theoretical part which is grammar.
Same as a baby being taught language. First learning to speak, then how to read, then grammar.
Supertwister in reverse (Even if the tape plays backwards the chord progression is preserved)
Supertwister - Camel, playing backwards, back in time, reversing the arrow of time, playing tape backwards.
The chords remain the same? as they have the pattern:
1 2 3 2 which repeats like a loop.
So
1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2
So backwards the brain remembers G7 (G minor 7th) which is the first chord. When played backwards the brain gives it again the first position and reading backwards the pattern we can see it still is:
1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2
This happened of course by accident by playing the tape in a wrong way.
The code of the piece (where the flute solo begins) is:
G7 A7 B7 A7
Since the piece is written in D minor which has B flat the code gives:
Gm7, Am7, Bbmaj7, Am7 (see reference).
It should sound interesting played backwards, chords the same, and reverbs, atacks etc out of space.
In fact the tape played wrongly was a cover version recorded direct to tape with 2 Grampian ribbon mics, a pair of Sowter 1:22 stepup transformers, and a Ferrograph series 6 (valve) electron tube 7.5 ips real to reel (real to real!) tape recorder.
Reference:
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Pleiades snack 2
Your own risk.
With barley rusk, dryied nettle, fresh lemon juice, fresh lemon jar, black raisins, goji berry, whole grain sesame, sliced carrot, virgin olive oil, freshly ground pepper.
Sunday, December 10, 2017
A great song
There's an end - The Greenhornes
Best to listen without images, closed eyes etc as most images seem to be designed to make us feel down. And they are also designed to be a magnet. Also closing eyes lets us perceive more of the music.
One may listen to the guitar doubling the bass. The backing vocals almost doubling the bass.
The great intonation. (Voices so in tune).
How the vocal is towards the low limit in frequency a woman can sing. The singer sings the notes of a bass or a baritone that sound an octave above since it is a female voice.
Possibility of using varispeed to make the voice more fresh.
How the backing vocals begin one octave above the vocal.
How the backing vocals are double tracked and assigned or paned to the left and to the right channel.
The great vocal recording.
The relatively lack of drum reverberation, room broad band absorbers etc?
The great mix or balance, for example the acoustic guitar is so low in level that it can mostly be felt rather than heard.
A very interesting interview of Quicy Jones
https://www.mixonline.com/recording/mix-interview-quincy-jones-365878
Interesting information on It's My Party - Leslie Gore including microphones
http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=3572
A great recording engineering technique used by Madonna on vocals
Double tracking.
More than one Madonna singing as exactly as possible the same part.
An example is To Have and not to Hold from the album Ray of Light.
Other examples of this great sounding technique are Beach Boys songs, Time - Alan Parson's Project, It's my Party - Leslie Gore, Society's Child - Janis Ian, etc.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ABUmZvzGHVc
It is also used in classical music. For example many violins playing the same part. Similarly with many violas, many cellos etc.
It is amazing what just one note can do and how nice it can sound.
And of course we can have the same part played by 2 different instruments creating the tone color of a non existing instrument.
Or octaves, double octaves etc. For example the bass and harpsichord playing the same melody at the intro of Society's Child just before Janis Ian begins singing her double tracked part.
On It's my Party, Leslie Gore recorded on the same magnetic tape track by the engineer disabling the erase head. At the risk of ruining the already existing performance if something had gone wrong. See The book of Phil Ramone who recorded the second pass of the voice.
Mike Oldfield used similar erase disabling techniques by modifying a Bang and Olufsen reel to reel tape recorder to record his demo of Tubular Bells. If memory is correct he also used transparent tape to cover the erase head? More information can be found by searching on the web.
Reference:
Making Records - Phil Ramone
Notes are 7
And musical notes are still musical notes no matter whether played on a piano, miniMoog, electric bass, violin, glockenspiel ...
Great music has always been using great harmony code.
References:
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Turning on the radio. In almost any country. Listening, playing along and analyzing how most hit music of any period or any genre is using harmony code very similar to Bach or Niedt. See above reference.
Everything that seems unquestionable has space to be wrong
For example stereo vs mono reproduction through a single loudspeaker in a room.
The little kid Ionas asked why 2 loudspeakers?
There seems to be much music material where the single speaker fed by a mono signal or the sum of left and right sounds exceptionally natural.
Back to mono? Part 2
Do mono radios sound more natural.
Just one loudspeaker is equivalent to throwing one stone in a lake.
Throwing 2 stones creates a complex pattern.
Saturday, December 9, 2017
Moi Lolita - Alizee and Bach's prepared 9ths
Bach in his Niedt music manual refers to prepared 7ths, 9ths chords etc.
What does prepared mean?
These intervals are considered dissonant if heard or played abruptly. But if the brain is prepared for the interval to come they sound miraculously good.
Example of preparing is having the melody play an F sharp before bass E comes with F sharp to create the E 9th chord. For example Moi Lolita - Alizee written in B minor and produced by Mylène Farmer and Lautent Boutonnât.
Prepared 9ths come many times in this song. The best way to identify them is to play with the left hand (just on the left of the melody) the chords or bass and on the right hand the melody.
The bass derived chords are B, G, E, A in a loop. Of course every C and every F is sharp as the scale is B minor.
An obvious point is at 0:42. "Fou" is F sharp or FA#. "Qu'un" is F sharp too now with bass E to create the fabulous sounding 9th interval.
0:44 is great too as the end of the word phénomène is C sharp. There is sudden pause at the end of the word and the bass immediately goes B giving the great taste of 9th (B 9) as the C sharp reverberates in our conscience or perhaps by the vocal reverb.
Another example of prepared 9th is on Society's Child - Janis Ian. At 1:07 the organ plays a tremolo E which is sustained and then the bass becomes D creating with E and interval of 9th. At 1:08 the organ E note is resolved to D.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ABUmZvzGHVc
Another example of preparation is the melody descending by semitones or approaching from both sides the note to create the 9th interval. For example the music from Last Tango in Paris - Badbieri
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pq2kmegOWtE
The melody plays C, B, B flat, A with bass G and the 3rd from bass (B flat) added to make it sound superb.
The first technique can be seen in Mass in B minor - Bach.
The techniques can be studied by listening and watching carefully the score.
Examples are 0.14 one of the voices singing F sharp prepared and the bass E arriving. Or at 1:27.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=y-18Jup0m0U
Another great interpretation of this masterpiece is the one conducted by Karl Munchinger, Stutgart chamber orchestra.
References:
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Mass in B minor - Bach - Dover publications
Harmony - Piston
Μήπως οι θερμίδες ειναι αςχετες με το αν παχαίνει κανεις; Are calories irrelevant to weight gain ?
Με δικη σας ευθύνη. Your own risk.
Calory is a unit of energy just like Joule, Volt-Ampere VA or Volt times Ampere, KWHour etc.
Οι θερμίδα ειναι μονάδα μέτρησης ενεργειας οπως το Joule, Volt-Ampere VA η volt επι ampere, KWHour etc.
Μήπως το ποσο συχνά κανεις πηγαίνει τουαλέτα ειναι πιο σημαντικο;
Is the frequency one goes to the toilet more important?
Top quality food, for example whole grain tahini, whole grain sesame has calories but seem to keep the body healthy and beautiful. Is it a coincidence that this top quality food is chosen by monks and photo models?
Τροφή υψηλής διατροφικής αξίας οπως το ταχίνι ολικής, το σουςαμι ολικής έχουν θερμίδες αλλα απο οτι φενεται κρατάνε το σώμα υγιές και όμορφο. Ειναι τυχαίο που αυτη η τροφή προτιμάται απο μοναχούς και φωτομοντέλα;
Should we be careful when reading vegetable oil at the food packaging ingredient list since they have a reputation of cloging blood arteries?
Μήπως πρεπει να προσέχουμε τα φυτικά λιπαρά στη συσκευασία τροφών που έχουν τη φήμη να φράζουν τις αρτηριες αίματος;
Reference:
Fringe Knowledge for Beginers - Montalk
Ειναι το ασφαλτοπανο πιςω απο τις ηχογραφήσεις φωνής του Εμινεμ Eminem
Στο διπλανό χρονικά euroelectron post η με Google search: Eminem, roofing felt, euroelectron blogspot
Is roofing felt the bass absorber where Eminem records vocals?
To investigate on this the following areas have to be examined.
The fact that BBC and EMI used flat sheets of elastomer roofing felt in their studios to convert bass reverberating frequencies to heat and therefore create extremely clean vocal recordings.
The fact that Bill Putnam is behind the design of the studio where Eminem records. Bill Putnam was making flat panel absorbers as can be seen in Beach Boys and Mamas and Papas vocal recording photos. Was he using roofing felt as the elastomer heat dissipating material?
References:
Acoustics of radio and television studios - Gilford - BBC
Information that can be found by Google search on Bill Putnam, Ocean Way, Wikipedia,
Pet Sounds - Beach Boys back cover etc
http://www.aes.org/aeshc/pdf/putnam_history-of-recording-studios.pdf
Link found from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/
AES historical committee
Friday, December 8, 2017
How to correctly connect a world class dynamic microphone to Uher 4000, 4200 report
Please search on google for an earlier euroelectron post titled Uher 4200 report powering an electron tube preamplifier.
Thursday, December 7, 2017
Πως να μάθουμε όλες τις μείζονες και ελασσονες κλίμακες ευκολα
Στα δυο διπλανά euroelectron posts στ' αγγλικά.
How to easily create any minor scale
Same reading as the next post in major.
All we need to remember is the A minor key which has all the keys white.
A B C D E F G A
The structure is:
Tone semitone tone tone semitone tone tone
How to learn all major scales easily
All needed to be remembered is the C major scales which has all the keys white.
C D E F G A B C
By looking at a keyboard instrument we see that it's structure is
Tone tone semitone tone tone tone semitone
So we use the same structure for any scale.
Example A major
A B C# D E F# G# A
General reference:
Musical Acoustics - Donald Hall
Wednesday, December 6, 2017
Why the more cold it makes the more dawn insulation protects us
Static electricity?
Cold weather is more dry as by definition low temperature means low mean thermal motion of molecules. So water molecules escape less as they have less mean velocity. This means drier air.
Dryer air is a bad conductor of electricity . So high voltage can build up by friction etc.
Static electricity means that dawn loft have the same polarity of electric charge. So they repel each itself and each other.
Repulsion creates expansion.
Your dawn jacket or sleeping bag expands and traps more air which is a good insulator of not only electricity but heat too for the same reason. Great makers of such is Marmot, Vaude etc.
So you stay warm.
Nature and all the animals that use such techniques know.
Uher 4200 report powering electron tube preamplifier
The UHER power supply mic connector provision (power coming for the internal batteries) can be used to power an electron tube 7.5V anode voltage pre preamplifier.
Example an ECC82 (12AX7) double triode electron tube (Pleiades V0 series). Each half can be used for each channel. The anodes operate greatly with 7.5V by biasing from plate to grid with a 4 Megohm electron accelerating resistor. The heaters can be in series and underheated to 7 volts instead of 12V. This will make the electron tube further low noise, perhaps at the limit of nature. A similar underheating technique is used on possibly the best microphone ever on the planet, favorite by Madonna, Sinatra, Beatles etc, the Neumann U47 with the internal VF14 tube underheated for low noise and high resolution.
Or 2 EF183 electron tubes can be used connected as triodes, example the Pleiades V4.
Example mics are Sony F-96, Beyer M55 H N, Sennheiser MD421 HN, MD441, Electro-Voice RE15, RE16, Shure Unidyne III.
[Why an electron tube or JFET front end amplifier?
They are high impedance giving an open sound with big midrange and extended high frequency perception.
Low Z direct connection to transistor sounds nice but the sound seems restricted.
The electron tube drives the transistor input stage with a big low noise signal. This increases subjective loudness, signal to noise ratio. The singer or actor can sing or speak at a very comfortable natural unforced voice and the magnetic tape modulation can be deep.
So far this has been tried on Marzntz MD430, Sony TC-D5M, Sanyo MR-410 with great results, big and natural sound quality and almost complete absence of hiss. The limiting factor being usually the recording environment acoustic noise level.
A problem is possibility of transient clipping of the following stages.
It is hoped this will be absent on Uher running at 7.5ios.
Such a simple front end stage is present on condencer or electret mics next to the capsule.
So why not also give world class studio moving coil microphones the treat they deserve? Less expensive mics can sound amazing too as we know from discography. For example Sade, Bono U2 using the SM58 on studio vocals or Stevie Nicks Fleetwood Mac using the more expensive MD421 or MD441.]
Input transformers can be used for stepup and low noise and for compensating the proximity effect and electromagnetically damping pop and wind noise. Ribbon microphones can be used too.
Some of the above mics have high impedance versions as they have the input transformer inside them. This further simplifies things. And all one then needs is an ECC82 and 1 or 2 resistors and capacitors for top quality studio sound.
Another option is using a JFET prepreamp like electret condenser microphones do. An example is the K117 JFET, Pleiades K117 prepreamp.
Also many microphones can be connected to the input transformers in series - parallel combinations. This may produce direct to stereo or mono recordings of unparalleled noise performance and sound quality, punch and loudness.
Reference:
On preserving the transconductance of electron tubes at anode potential as low as less than 6 volts - euroelectron blogspot
Tubes vs Transistors, is there an audible difference? - Russel O. Hamm - JAES
Shelley Yakus - Production Viewpoint - interviewed by Robbert Carr - Vintage King Audio
https://vintageking.com/media/article-archives/pdf/shelly-yakus.pdf
Is there a winning formula for women?
It may well be a high giving to asking ratio.
The more one gives and the less he asks.
The extreme scenario where the ratio tends to infinity is giving all and asking nothing.
Giving has nothing to do with being money rich. It could be giving a true compliment.
And there is nobody or nothing to make you sad anymore as you have already said to the most beautiful woman in the world how beautiful she is.
Monday, December 4, 2017
Uher 4200 Report
A very beautiful discrete transistor reel to reel tape recorder.
Small.
Lightweight, only 3kgf.
Easy for servicing.
German engineering.
Goes up to 7.5ips.
Goes up to 20KHz.
Battery operated.
No tone controls.
No Dolby.
Stereo, 2 track 1/4in.
Discrete transistor with minimal signal path.
How would it sound with studio quality moving coil microphones and Pleiades pre preamplifiers?
Why cats do not eat bread, Γιατι οι γάτες δεν τρώνε ψωμι
It may be because they can sense by instinct the artery clogging palm oil with which the dough is made. Ιςως γιατι μπορούν απο ένστικτο να ανιχνεύσουν το αρτηριοφρακτικο φοινικελαιο με το οποιο φτιάχνεται η ζύμη.
If they are given top quality whole bread made with no oil they will eat it like crazy.
Αν τους δωθεί ψωμι ολικής αρίστης ποιότητας φτιαγμένο χωρις λάδι θα το καταβροχθίσουν.
For us humans it is possibly very important to read the small letter ingredient list of everything before it enters us. Για εμάς ειναι πιθανότατα πολυ σημαντικο να διαβάζουμε τα συςτατικα με τα μικροσκοπικά γράμματα για οτιδήποτε πριν μπει μεςα μας.
Saturday, December 2, 2017
The Pleiades Snack
The base is a moistened barley rusk with filtered water. Cretan barley rusks made by Fanourakis are great.
Walnut pieces are added.
Black raisins.
Aegina island pistachio nuts.
Whole grain sesame seeds.
Goji Berries.
Virgin olive oil is added on top.
A bit of whole grain tahini.
Ceylon cinnamon.
Ready.
Could it also be made with pita bread made by barley or barley pan cake?
Could it be made as a sweet pita bread souvlaki?
A Great example of prepared 7th chords
The Great Gig in the Sky - Pink Floyd
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cVBCE3gaNxc
For example:
The left hand plays B flat while the right hand A D F. The D is kept to become the major 7th of the next chord:
The left hand plays E flat while the right hand plays B flat D G. The D is the major 7h (distance from bass) and the G (3rd from bass) is added.
The chain goes on similarly for the following bass notes.
A similar idea of preparing sevenths and adding the 3rds can be listened to or played on Confutatis - Motzart on the women choir sections.
References:
The Dark Side of the Moon - Pink Floyd - Piani Score
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Making Bread Quicker
Alexandre said that now we know that the dough must be stretched many times. Like rubber bands. This will make the dough rise. It is the protein gluten that need to be stretched. We do the opposite for making croissants. We do as less work on the dough as possible.
See also:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten
Friday, December 1, 2017
Variable Pleiades microphone proximity compensating filter, transformer?
Please see the next euroelectron post on the Stanley induction coil.
The induction coil, one of the greatest inventions of all time
Induction Coil - W. Stanley, JR
Patent number 349,611
It would be nice if the screw that adjuncts the air gap is used for variable compensation of the proximity effect.
This would make a variable focusing microphone distance adjustment
Thursday, November 30, 2017
The Power of Love - Frankie Goes to Hollywood
The power of love - Frankie goes to Hollywood
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NyoTvgPn0rU
Produced by Trevor Horn
String arrangement by Anne Dudley
Painting with Numbers
A great technique of humans playing on top of machines.
Trevor Horn interview at SARM studios:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fm1fH_csOX0
See also Constant Craving - K D Lang
The song was built after the drum machine hi hat.
See also interview on Love to Love you Baby - Georgio Morroder
Trevor Horn and so many great associates
Inside the Pleasuredome - Frankie Goes to Hollywood
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jDhiYdFjFVU
Sony F-96 omnidirectional low or high impedance
A great sounding moving coil small diaphragm microphone.
They have been also described in other euroelectron posts.
They come at low or high impedance and their eBay price is now so low for the sound quality they give.
So far the following variations have been tried.
Small red 1/8in output jack. It is bass uncompensated. Compensating bass reduction can be done by a suitable choice of loading inductance, see Pleiades filters for flat frequency responce from vocal chords to brain. It is low impedance, 600Ω? It can be directly connected to a transistor recorder. For example cassette recorders or very portable ones such as Sanyo TRC-2500. It can also be connected to a balanced low impedance line directly. It can also be connected to an input step up transformer to step up the voltage and impedance. The primary inductance of the transformer can perform the required bass cut compensation, The stepped up impedance and voltage can then drive the gate of a JFET or the grid of an electron tube. The result is a big signal that may send to lunch or for tea many condenser mics. Example JFET or electron tube prepreamps are the Pleiades K117 JFET or Pleiades V4, V5, V6 EF183 battery powered electron tube prepreamps.
Small grey 1/8in output jack. The ones tested were hi Z, 10KΩ? They are bass compensated so they sound fantastic directly connected. They can be connected directly to a Tascam Porta since they usually have an input impedance of 50KΩ and they seem to be happy with a driving impedance of 10KΩ. They can also drive the Pleiades electron tube or JFET preamps without they need of an input transformer as they have it inside them.
Big black 1/4in output jack. High impedance too. Bass compensated. It has also been tried with Tascam Porta 07 for great amazing sound. It has also been tried connected to iPad through a Pleiades K177 preamplifying (K117 JFET inside a female connector) cable for great sound.
Big black 1/4in output jack. High impedance. This one is bass uncompensated. So it sounds big and bass heavy. Should be suitable for drums. And also driving the iPad through a Pleiades K117 as the iPad has already a low cut filter at the headphone mic input.
Reference:
Flat frequency responce from singer's, actor's vocal chords to listener's brain, Sound Picture a Recording and Reproducing Characterustics - Lowe, Morgan - Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers
Tuesday, November 28, 2017
Analog class A and processing power consumption
It is funny the fantastic sounding class A amplifiers (electrons flowing all the time trough the active amolifiing device) have been acused of high power consumption compared to power output, (low power efficiency).
And now we are surrounded by millions of power hungry computers on all the time making the miracle of internet possible. And no matter if we press play or not the power consumption is almost the same and it is high.
A recording cassette Walkman will only consume power when one presses the rec button, it will start recording instantaneously, almost at the speed of light. The sound quality is so lifelike. A disadvantage is possibly more wow and flutter that the good sounding low wow and flutter.
Example setup:
Sony F-96 moving coil omnidirectional mic at 1 inch distance - Sanyo TRC- 2500 excecutive talk book cassette recorder
It's power amplifier would not be in class A but its recording amplifier should possibly be.
It sounds very real.
Having this little 100mA current at 3 volt consuming Walkman in front, you can hear a recorded voice coming from it. Turning your head the soundfield from the reflections of the room changes and the brain knows the voice always comes from the same position. No matter what you do even if you walk out of the room. Is it more real reality than virtual?
Sunday, November 26, 2017
The colors in music, Τα χρώματα στη μουσική
Τα χρώματα στη μουσική ειναι η απόσταση του μπάσου απο τη μελωδία.
The colors in music are made by the distance of bass to melody.
For example:
Last Christmas - George Michael
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=E8gmARGvPlI
At 0:13 to 0:14 George Michael sings the very high note B while the bass goes from E to A.
When the bass becomes A his melody voice resolves from B to A.
But since there is reverb used and our brain remembers too, when the bass becomes A there is still the sense of A bass with the very high B.
This sense is the color or sense of the 9th interval. It is called 9th because from A to B are 9 scale steps. La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si or A B C D E F G A B.
Intervals or colors such as the 9th are found in ingenious music like that of J.S. Bach. For example the color of 9ths is used a lot in the Mass in B minor - J.S. Bach. At the Kyrie for example there is a lot of E bass with F# at a higher playing instrument or part. F is F sharp because the key is B minor.
Another example of the 9th interval is on 0:02 of Frozen - Madonna.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=X132krRmyGM
At the second bar or chord change at 0:02 we still have F bass but one family of the stringed instruments plays a high G (interval of 9th from bass).
The 9th at the George Michael example sounds more happy than the other 2 examples because the 3rd usually taken above the bass happens to be major than minor. The key of Last Christmass is D major. D major has the C sharp. So when the bass is A, the third which is C is C sharp. So the chord is A major 9th.
The 9ths on the Bach and Madonna example are minor 9ths.
So in music combining intervals is like combining colors to get a new color.
The first 9ths on Last Christmas are minor 9ths, for example E bass and F sharp (E minor 9th) played by the synthesizers before George Michael sings the A major 9th. The F is F sharp because the song is written in the scale or key of D major which has the F and C sharp.
References:
Mass in B minor - J S Bach - YouTube
Mass in B minor full score - J S Bach - Dover
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Some of Jean Michel Jarre's instruments
Legendary instruments - Jean Michel Jarre - YouTube
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ctOhwRGdVvo
Friday, November 24, 2017
A Great Scientist
Richard Feynman on electromagnetic waves:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FjHJ7FmV0M4
Ένας φοβερός επιστήμονας
Ο Richard Feynman εξηγεί τα ηλεκτρομαγνητικά κύματα:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FjHJ7FmV0M4
Χειραγωγώντας την επιστήμη εχει επιτευχθεί ο επιστήμονας να φαινεται κομπογιαννίτης και ο κομπογιαννίτης επιστήμονας;
Ενας απίστευτος επιστήμονας, ο νομπελίστας Richard Feynman.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FjHJ7FmV0M4
Wednesday, November 22, 2017
It is great that...
Less and less food companies are using palm oil (which has a reputation of clogging blood arteries) in the toast bread, chocolate, ice cream, ice cream cones, croissants, snacks etc.
The world is becoming a better place.
It is great that...
radio stations are stopping playing all those songs that make people feel bad about what went wrong in the former relationships.
All those songs with lyrics, can't live without you, it's over now, etc that make you feel small vulnerable and more apt to buy what the coming commercial will want you to buy.
And you can always have your cassette player and play what you want without paying a price.
The trick is getting as much of the electron tube sound...
as soon as possible.
This is one of the reasons why the front end (first stage) connected to the microphone operates with just 6V or less on the Pleiades V series electron tube prepreamps.
So we have the mic voice coil then the step up input transformer then the electron tube stage operated in class A with few volts at the anode and an anode to grid electron accelerating resistor. In fact it is a resistor that compensates the internal negative bias of the electron tube by the boiling electrons from the cathode. The cathode is underheated too as is done in the Neumann U47 prepreamp.
A second stage can be used to get more instatenious peak limiting
Or a third stage depending on how loud the input acoustic signal is.
References:
On preserving the transconductance of electron tubes at anode potential as low as 6 volts - euroelectron blogspot
Pleiades V6 schematic - euroelectron blogspot or Flickr
Tuesday, November 21, 2017
Pleiades 1x2N3055 class A power amplifier KiT
It would be nice if a KIT existed for making a Pleiades 2N3055 power amplifier operating in class A.
Class A means electrons flowing all the time.
It is a very musical sounded amplifier with extreme bass, treble and smoothest midrange.
Frequency responce is down to nearly 0 Hz as the 2N3055 transistor is direct coupled to the loudspeaker. See nearby euroelectron post for the description of the amplifier.
The KIT should contain the likes of, fuse holder, fuses, transistor holder, battery holder, 2N3055 transistor, input output connectors, metal box, the biasing resistor and a variable resistor for volume control. A coupling capacitor if needed.
It may be a nice experiment for small or big kids to make something that reproduces music in such a nice way.
They would then connect to their smart phones, CD player etc and a loudspeaker and be proud to enjoy nice sounding music like the real thing from something they had made themselves.
Pleiades concepts, schematics, ideas are public domain.
Reference:
http://euroelectron.blogspot.gr/2017/11/a-simple-2x500mw-pleiades-power.html
Comparison of a class D 2x50W to a class A 1x100mW music power amplifiers
Guess which sounded better.
The class D is a typical home theater amp from a well known maker.
The class A is just a 2N3055 power transistor and a 10KΩ biasing resistor as described on a nearby euroelectron post.
The class D no matter how loud, it sounded small and distorted.
The class A no matter how soft it sounded loud and musical.
The SPL of the class D was of course higher when the volume was increased but at least the class A was playing music.
The class A sounded more dynamic with impact on bass and drums even at very small SPLs.
There was distortion on both amps if the ear was close to the loudspeaker but this might have been from the CD also.
At least the distortion from the class A amp sounded more musical.
Signal path, setup:
CD Ingenue - K.D. Lang - Constant Craving - Sony CD Walkman D-EJ758CK - power amp, class D or Pleiades 2N3055 class A - Sony APM-078
Is this why 1 or 2 watts of a single ended class A electron tube amplifier send to the cleaners anything else? Perhaps it is time to build a single ended EF183 Pleiades amp with batteries, search on google for the relevant euroelectron post. All safety precautions must be taken into account, left hand always in back pocket etc.
And Is this possibly the reason why the "state" "of" "the" "art" class D amp now goes on eBay for 50usd (everybody seems to want to get rid of)? whereas a 2x2W electron tube single ended class A power amp from the same company made 50 years ago goes on eBay for 250usd. Consumers are clever. They listen to it at their friend's, their jaw drops and then they search and bid on eBay.
Class A amps have the least distortion at small levels on the planet and gradual distortion at higher levels, like nature itself. When using mathematics we take the first term of Taylor's series for small signal levels. Nature is assumed to be linear at small signal levels or small excursions.
Class A means electrons flowing all the time.
It is important to re,ever what the Hollywood engineers in the 30s discovered. That the game production-reproduction is not correct by judging from microphone to loudspeaker. But from the brain of the artist to the brain of the listener.
References:
Tubes vs Transistors, Is there an audible difference - Russel O. Hamm - JAES
Applied Electronics - T.S. Gray - MIT
http://euroelectron.blogspot.gr/2017/11/a-simple-2x500mw-pleiades-power.html
Basic Electronics - US Navy (NAVPERS) - Dover
(Flat frequency responce from vocal chords of actor, singer's vocal chords to listener's brain), Sound Picture Recording and Reproducing Characteristics - Loye, Morgan - Journak of the Motion Picture Engineers
Smooth sounding curves
Abrupt curves look ugly. Why should they sound good?
Smooth curves are like a woman's body.
And they sound good.
Class A amplifiers are very linear at small levels and progressively nonlinear at high levels.
A music signal has such a tremendous dynamic range that it is impossible to keep it in the straight part of an op amp or digital system's "linear characteristic".
This applies to reproduction but even more so to production.
And this is major reason why electron tube made 60's recordings sound like the real thing.
Reference:
Tubes vs Transistors, Is there an audible difference? - Russel O. Hamm - JAES
The ideal active self powered battery speaker ?
Should preferably be:
With an amplifier class A single ended.
Only one germanium transistor.
Minimum components, for example biasing from collector to base with just a resistor. See a nearby previous euriekectron post.
Battery powered, rechargeable too. Ordinary size popular batteries.
No output transformer?
Slim and beautiful.
Large vibrating membrane if many full range speakers are connected in series.
Open back (dipole).
Efficient magnet.
Made from transparent material? So that the simplicity can be seen.
OTL Pleiades 300B
At your own risk.
Many full range speakers in series to get to 800Ω. So the open back array would behave as a large membrane dipole.
Directly connected to the anode. Careful with high tension.
Monday, November 20, 2017
Back to Mono?
This s not to underestimate stereo which is clearly one of the greatest achievements of mankind. Alan Blumlein who was a pioneer of stereo is clearly one of the greatest electronic engineers of all time.
But mono can sound great too.
And Phil Spector had said there is not a way you can balance 2 channels exactly. And many of his masterpieces were recorded in mono.
While writing this post at night, a 500mW (see nearby euroelectron post) single ended class A transistor amplifier is playing in mono. The CD is Ingenue - K.D. Lang. Both channels from the CD player are connected together and the amp is driving a speaker situated in front.
It is like having K.D. Lang in front of you. Her voice is coming out of a point in space, the loudspeaker. Same as if she were in the room.
And if the listener turns his-her head the reflections from the room walls are just like the real thing. It is a similar sound field. Nothing can beat that. It is 3D and when the head of listener moves the sound changes as it should. As in real life because it is real life.
And this reminded of what the little 3 year old kid Ionas said a few months ago. It was mentioned that 2 loudspeakers have to be brought to be connected to a Tascam Porta 2. And the little kid immediately asked why 2 loudspeakers?
To match or not match electron tubes
Not matching produces more 2nd harmonics ie 2nd harmonic distortion which is a good thing.
2nd harmonic ie doubling of frequency is close to an octave. 3rd harmonic ie 3xf is close to an octave and a 5th. For example if the input signal is a C3 (DO) the 3rd harmonic is G4 (SOL).
Perfect matching cancels all even order harmonics.
References:
Applied Electronics - T.S. Gray - MIT
Radio Engineering - F. Terman - McGraw Hill
Tubes vs Transistors, is there an audible difference? - Russel O. Hamm - JAES
Creating a Pleiades electron bass drum sound
At your own risk.
The idea is what happens when one connects a small battery across the terminals of a speaker.
This step function voltage source has frequency content from nearly 0 Hz to very high ie a very quick attack.
Disconnecting the battery one can hear the inverse step function voltage.
How would a dance song sound like if instead of 4 to the floor the pattern 1 -1 1 -1 is used.
The inverse (-1) sounds a bit different.
One could use a battery switching circuit with a transformer in series to complete or close the circuit.
The secondary of the trasformer would provide isolation, blocking of DC, bandwidth conditioning, peak limiting etc.
And if a proper DC battery voltage and secondary impedance is used one could have line out from an original bass drum electronic sound.
A simple 2x500mW Pleiades power amplifier operating in class A
At your own risk.
It should be easy to make as it is a minimal signal path for great sound quality.
Class A operation means electrons are flowing all the time trough the active amplifying device.
In this particular case they flow all the time trough the loudspeaker voice coil too, so before connecting your precious speakers test everything is OK using other small speakers. The normal current is 100mA but watch out it may increase by time as transistors warm up. This may lead to thermal runway and destruction of the speakers. Heat sinks help and the fact that it is a low power design.
Each channel uses:
1x 2N3055 transistor
1x 25KΩ biasing resistor from collector to base
1x9V battery
That's all folks.
It should make an unbelievably hi end sounding amplifier for late day listening when things around are quiet and we want the loud sounding juice of analog class A amplifiers without disturbing the neighbours.
For volume control a variable series resistor from source out to transistor base is used. No electrolytic coupling capacitor is used as the source would have one but pay attention there too. Everything at your risk.
The speaker is connected between collector and Vb=9V.
The 25KΩ biasing resistor is connected from collector to base.
Battery minus and signal ground is connected to emitter.
The sound is amazing as you expect.
The more the amp is pushed the more harmonics it produces instantaneously limiting peaks while making the sound subjectively loud. The small signals are sweet and smooth.
2 channels for stereo should fit a nice box. Bulgin 9V drawer battery holders can be used. Fuse using in series is important for safety. One can play with Vb, Rb etc to improve the sound but all precautions must be exercised. Presumably many 8Ω speakers are connected in series would give a better load and impedance matching for max power transfer. See also the Pleiades open back dipole speaker on euroelectron. With 16 speakers of 8Ω the resultant will be 128Ω. Assuming 100mA flowing the drop would be 12.8V. So a Vb of 24V could be used while having the collector settle at 12V. So excursions of 12V could exist at the output. It may be advantageous to have the quiescent point not midway as non symmetrical clipping produces more 2nd harmonic distortion which is a good thing.
Signal path, setup:
(CD: Ingenue - K.D. Lang) - CD Walkman Sony D-EJ758CK line out L and R connected together for mono - 1KΩ series resistor for reducing volume - Pleiades power amplifier - Sony APM-078
Mono can sound extremely natural, see nearby euroelectron post.
Reference:
2 - Transistor miniature A.F. Amplifier - K. Jones - Audio Amplifiers - edited by J.R. Davies - page 41 - Data Publications LTD - London
Tubes vs Transistors, is there an audible difference? - Russel O. Hamm - JAES
General references:
Electronics, a Systems Approach - Neil Storey
Applied Electeonics - T. S. Gray - MIT
Saturday, November 18, 2017
How True Faith - New Order was made
An excellent article by Sound on Sound.
https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/classic-tracks-new-order-true-faith
The vocal mic was the Beyer M88 moving coil.
Friday, November 17, 2017
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Thursday, November 16, 2017
Public Women Angels, Δημόσιες Γυναικες Άγγελοι
If one treats her like a girlfriend she will be most happy to give.
Tuesday, November 14, 2017
A very interesting documentary on Willi Studer
The man behind Studer the legendary Studer analog magnetic tape reel to reel recorders.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=f9gIFk2OK-g
Monday, November 13, 2017
They are so scared...Φοβούνται τοςο πολυ...
That all they can do is try to make you feel guilty. Που το μονο που μπορούν να κανουν ειναι να προσπαθήσουν να σε κανουν να αισθανθείς ένοχος-η.
They have not read Enchiridion - Epictetous. Δεν έχουν διαβάσει το Εγχειριδιο - Επικτητος.
Reference:
Enchiridion - Epictetous - free PDF
Εγχειρίδιο - Επικτητος - Κάκτος τόμος 5
Saturday, November 11, 2017
How to correctly connect a microphone to Marantz PMD 430 CP 430 Uher 4200
This applies to transistor inputs of 10KΩ.
The moving could microphone of 200Ω impedance is stepped by a microphone input transformer.
The high resulting signal voltage of low noise is fed to a high impedance JFET or electron tube input.
The 10KΩ output impedance of the single ended class A (electrons flowing all the time) of the JFET or electron tube is a perfect match.
The signal input to the recorder is high and big (like that of a Neumann U47 microphone).
So there is no hiss on the analog recorder at reproduction.
And the sound quality is so good.
Every detail of the sound source like an electron microscope information extraction. The singer does not need to force at all.
See also the next euroelectron post.
Signal path, setup:
Ordinary bedroom - male singing voice from 2 in - Electro Voice RE-15 microphone with low cut - Pleiades V5 prepreamp - Marantz PMD430 or CP430 - Sennheiser HD580
The good thing about analog recoding is that it may sound better than the original signal
Assuming a signal path from singer's vocal chords to listener's brain. Not from microphone to loudspeaker!
The above consideration does not only include electrons but only molecules (acoustic path), and our brain.
The input electronic signal to an analog recorder would not be the same as the output. And this is a reason it may sound better considering the whole system from singer's vocal chords to listener's brain.
Example set up, signal path:
Ordinary bedroom - male singing voice - Electro Voice RE-15 microphone with low cut - Pleiades V5 prepreamp - Marantz CP-430 - Sennheiser HD580
By comparing the original and reproduced signal in real time using the 3rd head, the playback sounded more natural. Both source and reproduction sounded excellent. A systematic error may be the artificial double tracking effect.
The microphone was 1-2in from acoustic source.
The reasons why may be too many. Not only change in frequency responce, dynamics.,,,
To describe subjectively the reproduced voice appeared more full, more real to listener's brain.
Hiss was non existent in both cases due to the very low noise microphone and electron tube preamplifier.
Some of the processing on very high peaks may had been done by the 2nd EF183 stage of the battery powered Pleiades V5.
Reference:
Tubes vs Transistors, is there an audible difference? - Russel O. Hamm - JAES
Flat frequency responce from singer's vocal chords to listener's brain, Sound Picture Recording and Reoroducing Characteristics - Journal of the motion picture engineers
Ετοιμόλογος γινεται αυτος-η που προετοιμάζει τις απαντήσεις
Η που εχει σκεφτεί ποιες θα ειναι οι ερωτήσεις,
Friday, November 10, 2017
Recording analog live
Using for example a reel to reel tape recorder.
How? Would the following be a great way?
Sending in a loud signal using class A operating prepreamps (Pleiades K117 for example).
So a loud an low noise signal feeds the recorder. The recorder then creates volume, instatenious peak limiting, high average level etc. each instrument may have its own mic. For how to combine many mics see other euroelectron posts by searching on Google.
Monitor out from the recorder loudspeaker if for example synths or drum machine is recorded can be set to low so that the singer sings in tune (see other posts).
An other alternative may be feeding the prepreamp signals to a Pleiades analog simulator or analog magnetic tape recording using a saturated interstage transformer. More on other posts.
Which of the 2 ways would sound best when feeding A to D converters?
References:
Tubes vs transistors is there an audible difference - Russel O. Hamm -JAES
Making Records - Phil Ramone
General references:
Applied Electronics - T.S. Gray - MIT
Electronics, a systems approach - Neil Storey
A practical introduction to electronic circuits - Martin Hartley Jones
Thursday, November 9, 2017
A Walkman to record at 7.5 ips?
Would it be possible?
Modifying one of those great portable cassette recorders or a great quality Walkman to record at 7.5 ips.
If a recorder is using 2 AA batteries then (at your own risk) modifying could accept 2 AA size lithium 3.7V batteries. The total voltage would be more than 7 volts and the motor could be made to run at extreme speed.
Then the playback EQ curves or amps modified or redesigned.
Same for the recording amps.
Everything should be more easy.
No hiss as the time constants would be much lower like on reel to reel.
No need for Dolby.
New designed heads for full 2 track stereo (all the tape width of the cassette).
Total running time would be 7.5 minutes.
More than enough to record a great song master.
With great JFET tiny transformer (Pleiades filters) input preamps.
Then connecting 2 or a few more moving coil microphones in parallel series combinations so no need for the complexity of a mixing (adding) console. Extremely simple and pure signal path.
Then digitisation can be possible as the signal would be instateniously peak limited, big and loud.
Portability at an unheard of sound quality.
The other alternative could be analog simulation of analog magnetic tape recording using saturated interstage transformers, "recording" premphasis and "playback" post emphasis. And then A to D conversion. See other euroelectron posts.
Wednesday, November 8, 2017
Is Marketing the science of predicting how much the quality cab go down before the consumer will say no if being still alive?
In the case of palm oil, vegetable oil containing pastries (food) there may be a long delay for saying no as the consumer with the clogged arteries does not instantly become dead or handicapped. Kids for example are born with 100% open arteries.
It is not that companies are to blame. The consumer has the responsibility of keeping freewill or freedom. Nobody forces a cheap croissant inside us.
Reference:
The small letter ingredient list on the packaging of cheap croissant, ice cream, chocolate, toast bread, cakes, snacks etc
Analog recordings have digital recordings for tea?
Do they send them to the cleaners?
Lunatic - Gazebo instrumental on YouTube played by a disc 12" record
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FLEUYHzXbu4
This may be because analog recordings use vibrating electrons or molecules to represent the vibration of molecules or electrons in musical instruments, in an analogous way. Disc records use for example vinyl molecules to modulate the grooves with the signal itself. Without modulation a straightened groove would look like a flat V shaped river shore.
Digital systems use numbers to represent a tremendously abrupt changing live music signal. When there are no more 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... 1 1 1 left to represent a peak of the signal they give the worst abrupt distortion.
Analog systems overload gradually and gracefully creating overtones or harmonics like real acoustic or analog electronic instruments.
This process creates a conditioned signal with a high average level and no nasty peaks.
It can then be digitized and sound loud without overloading op amps or digital circuits, analog to digital converters etc.
So that then mankind can download the numbers and reconstruct the analog conditioned waveform on YouTube to enjoy.
Analog systems are extremely linear at small signal level amplitude excursions and progressively nonlinear at higher (levels) amplitude.
Just like nature. Like the earth being flat for snall distance travels. Like our ears.
Analog systems use non linearity to extract or store more information, a great property for recording music lively. This is because they fit something big to something small. A high dynamic range to a small one. So that we can still hear and enjoy everything while being inside the noise of a car for example.
Is digital great for archiving? Time will show.
Is analog great for music production. Time has shown.
References:
Tubes vs Transustors is there an audible difference? - Russel O. Hamm - JAES
Applied Electronics - T.S. Gray - MIT
Electronics, a Systems Apreach - Neil Storey
On Pleiades Electra 3
On Pleiades Electra 3 the electron tubes are to their limits fir the particular low supply voltage.
So they give a big sound at lower power level of the driven headphones.
Tuesday, November 7, 2017
A beautiful use of 6ths, 9ths. Πανέμορφη χρήση διαστημάτων 6ης, 9ης
Lunatic - Giombini
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FLEUYHzXbu4
Listen to the miniMoog playing E bass and another synth playing C (interval of 6th relative to bass). At 2:31 etc.
Then bass playing A and another synth playing B (interval of 9th). At 3:17.
Bach liked the interval of 9th. And the same A 9 code can be heard on Qui Tolis - Mass in B minor.
References:
http://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cxxKPL_CZ1g
Ο συνθέτης παραγωγος του I Like Chopin
Pierluizi Giombini.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cxxKPL_CZ1g
Analog simulation of analog magnetic sound recording part 13
See next euroelectron post on using magnetic transformer saturation to distort the bass drum sound of the Oberheim DMX drum machine.
How to distort the bass drum sound of Oberheim DMX
It can be instantly done by connecting a small signal transfomer to the mono line out.
The bass drum volume control is at max. While increasing the master volume control and approaching the max position magic distortion begins to take place.
The transformer used is a bought from Canford UK 1/4in mono jack which has a tiny transformer inside it. Possibly both components made by Neutrik? It is very convenient too as it acts like a DI. In this case hi Z to a low Z that can drive even 150Ω headphones. The Sennheiser HD580 headphones were used bridged to mono so the resultant impedance is 300Ω//300Ω=150Ω.
Setup, signal path:
Oberheim DMX, line mono out - Canford 1/4in jack transformer or impedance converter - Sennheiser HD580
It ties up with the preliminary experiments of analog simulation of magnetic analog sound recording. A transformer instantly records and plays back a music signal by the magnetic field linking both windings.
The distorted bass drum sound reminds of Say it Right - Furtado
Pierluizi Giombini Interview
Pierluizi Giombini is the man who produced masterpieces such as I Like Chopin, Lunatic and Masterpiece.
If you were a kid when these songs were aired for the first time they may have had a great influence on you.
But no matter when or where someone listens to them they have the same effect. They always remind of the beauty in music and life.
Hoping a great man accepts the invitation for an interview what could one ask? Here are some preliminary questions.
For example.
Was the DMX clock out used to synchronize the other synths and how?
What was the signal path from synthesizers to tape?
The signal path from microphones to tape, what mics, preamps?
Multitrack or direct to stereo tape analog master?
Why do these songs sound so fresh?
Were they influenced by J.S. Bach?
Was the DMX tuned in every voice card to the key of the song?
What was the make, model of the piano and how was it micked?
What was the reverb or delay used and where?
How were the miniMoog, OBX, Juno synths programmed?
How was the melody of I like Chopin inspired?
Did the fact that you chose to be behind the scenes help you keep your freedom?
Your greatest wish.
See the oberheim DMX drum machine used by the man who created I Like Chopin
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cxxKPL_CZ1g
Pierluizi Giombini one of the best music producers
The man who wrote I like Chopin, Lunatic, Masterpiece and other masterpieces.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cxxKPL_CZ1g
Sunday, November 5, 2017
Πως θεραπεύεται αμέσως το κρυολόγημα How to instantly cure a cold
At your own risk. Με δικη σας ευθύνη.
Squeezing a just removed from the tree bitter orange to a glass of water. Ρίχνοντας το χυμό ενός μόλις απομακρυςμενου απο το δέντρο νεραντζιου σε ενα ποτήρι νερό.
Reference, πηγη:
The work of Nobel laureate Linus Pauling on vitamin C. Η εργασία του Νομπελίστα Linus Pauling πανω στη βιταμίνη C.
The Telefunken V72 preamplifier and positive feedback
There is a resistor connecting the cathode of the second stage electron tube to the cathode of the first stage electron tube.
Is this positive feedback suggesting multitude of decaying in amplitude mirror sound signal images?
Many ADT but happening at the speed of light?
Analog simulation of magnetic tape analog sound recording part 12
While trying to place back the mixer and tape delay section of the FBT personal 1002 to its wooden structure a wire was cut accidentally.
It was impossible to figure out where it was going originally so it's other end was traced. And it was connected to the recording head and the bias oscillator output.
This serendipitous accident strongly sujesting that the analog simulation experiments should follow up.
Looking at the schematic of the Italian FBT personal 1002 electron tube PA system the tape delay recording head is connected as follows. At the anode of the recoding amplifier output tube (ECC82 or 83?) is a normal DC blocking capacitor and then a series resistor of 220KΩ! the other side of which connects to the recording head.
By observing the actual equipment the implementation is. The anode connected to a 220KΩ resistor and then a coupling capacitor feeds the recording head.
Electron tubes seem ideal to feed a magnetic head with constant magnetic flux. Electron tubes and JFETs are voltage controlled current sources. Electron tubes have a high output voltage and high output impedance. This output impedance is further increased by 220KΩ in this case. So with the inductance of the recording head we have a great rising voltage responce with frequency (Pleiades filter). Or constant current. So that the tape can approach saturation at all frequencies?
The following questions may be interesting.
How would this tape delay system sound if we forget about tape and just unscrew the recording head and and let it "kiss" at the airgap the playback head?
Should the high frequency bias be on?
What would happen if the halo (echo repeat or feeding back to itself) function is activated and adjusted before oscillation? This time there is no tape delay and the only delay is the time light (electromagnetic wave) takes to travel between input and output of the electron tubes.
(In fact there is positive feedback on the Telefunken V72 preamplifier. By watching the schematic there is a resistor between the cathode of the second stage and the cathode of the first stage).
Are we talking about thousands of decaying sound mirror images happening at extremely small fractions of a second?
To follow up in the analog simulation experiments of analog tape recording the schematic of the Binson Echorec should be examined too.
It sounds great and it was used extensively by Pink Floyd, both Richard Wright and Dave Gilmour.
Pleiades laboratories have 2 circuit boards of Binson Echorec from 2 damaged Binsons.
Should they be used by feeding the output of the recording amp to the primary winding of a transformer, and the secondary winding feeding the playback amplifier?. Using a transformer made of very small volume of iron?
To create a great quality simulation system from scratch (since a transformer must have much less loss than 2 heads joined) would low voltage battery operating JFETs or battery operated (Pleiades V series prepreamps) electron tubes give excellent signal to noise ratio at much less time constant than used at 30ips reel to reel tape recording?
Saturday, November 4, 2017
Η Κανελινα και η βιταμίνη C
Με δικη σας ευθύνη.
Η Κανελινα και ο γάτος με την πραςινη κορδελα συνεχεια κρυολογουσαν.
Η Κανελινα έβαλε τα κλάματα και πήγε στους σοφούς γλάρους στην παραλια.
Το αγαπημενο ζευγάρι των γλάρων γέλασε και της είπε οτι αν τρώει οτι εχει βιταμίνη C, οπως και νερατζι που εχει παρα πολυ, στημένο σε ενα ποτήρι νερό. δεν θα ξαναρωτησει ποτε. Και αν ειναι άρρωστη θα περάσει αμέσως.
Η Κανελινα πετάχτηκε απο,την χαρά της.
Φώναξε τον γάτο με την πραςινη κορδελα, την υπομονετική χελώνα και τις πετροπέρδικες και όλοι μαζι χόρεψαν και τραγουδηςαν κατω απο το φως του αστραφτερού Ηλιου που δεν αφηνει καμια σκια στην αλήθεια.
Πηγη:
Dr. Linus Pauling on vitamin C - YouTube
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2bymKIPaTws
Πως να μην κρυολογήσεις ποτε; Μια απίστευτη διάλεξη για τη βιταμίνη C απο τον νομπελίστα Linus Pauling
Με δικη σας ευθύνη.
Ο Linus Pauling ειναι ο χημικός που μαθαίναμε στο σχολείο για την απαγορευτική αρχή Pauling στη χημεία.
Σύμφωνα με έρευνα του και προϋπάρχουσες μελέτης η βιταμίνη C απο τα φρούτα και λαχανικά οχι μονο προστατεύει αλλα και θεραπεύει σχεδόν τα παντα ακομα και τα γηρατειά.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2bymKIPaTws
An amazing lecture, How to never catch cold? and more Vitamin C by Nobel Laureate Linus Pauling
At your own risk.
It is the same scientist we learn at school when we study the Pauling exclusion principle in chemistry.
According to Linus Pauling vitamin C does not only prevent but cures almost everything including aging.
Dr. Linus Pauling on vitamin C - YouTube
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2bymKIPaTws
Friday, November 3, 2017
A great recording done with a laptop? Stepping Stone - Duffy
Stepping Stone - Duffy
Reference:
It should be in an interview of producer Steeve Brooker on hitquarters? He talks about working with Duffy and how demos become masters. After success he was talked into buying more complex equipment.
Nature gives us everything to protect us
And at the right time.
For example it gives us fruits from citrus trees to protect us from caching a cold or doing way with it.
It can be seen that the first ripe fruit in a tree is ready the first day of feeling cold after autumn. For example a bitter orange. They are full of vitamin C which seems to be the source of energy for our immunity system.
In fact every fruit around the year should serve a specific purpose.
Reference: the work of Nobel awarded chemist Linus Pauling (The same scientist discovering the Pauling exclusion principle of electrons)
Summing or mixing 2 or more signals part 3
It may be done:
With resistors.
Hybrid transformers.
Nothing. Just connecting 2 signal voltage sources in series or parallel combinations. For example microphones.
Further nothing. By acoustic coexistence in the same space. All instruments in the same room very close to a mic?
In the above methods it is nature itself doing the summation. Electrons or molecules vibrating with the superimposition of each instrument vibration.
Advantages:
Almost infinite resolution.
No latency. Speed of light?
No power consumption,
No generation lost.
Almost infinite bandwidth.
Disadvantages:
Resistors will introduce some dB loss.
Hybrid transformers less dB loss. Less bandwidth. In fact this is an advantage, going for flat frequency response from instrument or voice chords to listener's brain. Instateneous peak limiting like magnetic tape recording and reproduction in real time. In fact this is an advantage too for getting a high average signal (loud).
By connecting signal voltage sources in series or parallel there is no dB loss but there is an increase or decrease in impedance. For example connecting together 4 microphones of 200Ω in a series parallel combination brings back the resultant impedance to 200Ω. At your own risk.
Adding instrument sounds by the acoustic waves themselves place very strict demands to the room or space. It is God or nature performing the addition but the acoustics play a very important role. Membrane bass absorbers should be used. Porous absorbers too. Or using outdoor or very large spaces.
In the 60's many of these principles must have been used by the nessesity of simplicity. Or by the quest for excellence.
Much passive connection was done just after the mic. For example the BBC or EMI using attenuators, summers too? just after the microphones or the internal mic prepreamps if it were a U47.
Acoustic leakage from each instrument was used to advantage for a big sound.
Handmade electron tube amplifiers, adders etc were made or made up from converted broadcast consoles.
Are these some reasons why 60's recording sound so great to our brain.
For example, This Girl's in Love - Dionne Warwick - produced by Phil Ramone
This post does not mean that great sounding music cannot be made with a laptop, for example Stepping Stone - Duffy.
References:
Discussion with Sean Davies on the use of passive circuitry just after the microphones by the BBC with no problems or no hiss or noise.
High Quality Sound Production and Reproduction - Hadden - BBC - Iliffe
Elements of Sound Recording - Frayne, Wolfe - University of California, Los Angeles - John Wiley & Sons
Motion Picture Sound Engineering - Research Council of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences - D. Van Nostrand Company Inc.
Flat frequency response from singer's or actor's vocal chords to listener's brain, Sound Picture Recording and Reproducing Characteristis - Loye, Morgan - Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers
(hybrid transformer adders), A Rerecording Console, Associated Circuits, and Constant B Equalizers - Miller, Kimball - JSMPE
Making Records - Phil Ramone
Acoustics for Radio and Television Studios - Gilford - BBC
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