A way to make an acoustic piano sound nice, big and recording it well

It is possibly...


Playing softly. The piano then sounds nice and may record big. It shouod work well with other instruments too. For example, voice, acoustic guitar, drums etc.


Also using the piano damper pedal only when needed. And not pressing it always all the way down. In an analogy to driving an automobile.

The mic input stage of Uher 4200 report reel to reel analog tape recorder

The first stage is a bipolar transistor.


What could be simpler?


By examining the service manual of 4000, 4200, 4400 if observation is correct the mic input impedance is said to be 2KΩ. There is a 3.9KΩ resistor in parallel with the input.


Line input or phono input is made by connecting to the mic input a 47KΩ or 1MΩ series resistor respectively.


This seems to be a brilliant and simple idea. This is by the way the way volume is controlled on the Pleiades 2N3053 one transistor power amplifier. Just a variable series resistor. Transistors seem to like a series input resistor. After all they are current input devices. Like low inductance transformers fed by 200Ω impedance microphones (see Pleiades filters), like recording heads fed by a large output impedance for constant current drive.


So far the brilliant Uher 4200 was tested by recording with an inexpensive 667ohm AKG pressure microphone, see today's post. Wow.



Perhaps the only sound so far surpassing this sound quality is the Pleiades V6 mic booster amp monitored in real time, (live, without recording). Note, the Ferrograoh series 6 electron tube reel to reel recorder may record or playback even better. But it is not lightweight portable or battery powered. The Ferrograph has not been tried yet with close miking or a Pleiades booster mic preamp.


So how would the brilliant Uher 4200 sound when recording a top quality low noise signal by connecting its mic input to Pleiades V6 and a world class moving coil microphone connected to the V6's transformer input?





The order of 2000Ω Uher input impedance at its mic in is good news. Would the 2DV4 Nuvistor electron tube (which has not yet been tried on the V6 schematic) powered by just 1.3V for both heaters and plate do the trick of great sound with lease noise? There are too many other portions, see for example the 1H4 electron tubes powered by 1.3V and 9V with grid at space potential. Attention to always using a correct fuse in series with a battery for safety.


Caution is possibly needed as the rec level control on the Uher is after the second transistor stage. The external front end shouod not have too much gain. Later note: by closer looking at the schematic just 3 transistors are form mic to recording head. Just one from mic to rec level control. It should be fine.


If a booster mic amp is not connected or needed how would the sound be with just say a Sennheiser MD211 or MD441 etc? If the sound is bass heavy due to effects including phycho acoustic ones a Pleiades (L,R) passive filter can be inserted between the two.

VU meters for musicians

(Learning to compress.)


Instead of electronic tuners that sound correct in intonation only to themselves and not to the human brain...

Musicians should give themselves simple SPL (sound pressure level) VU meters.


So that they learn to reduce the objective dynamic range without reducing the subjective dynamic range. For example learning to play from ppp to FFF without making the needle move too much.


So that no electronic compressor is needed.


Bruce Swedien says compression is for kids.


Musicians are sensitive souls and can be the compressors of themselves. Playing and miking technique. It should be fun.


They can teach themselves keeping the VU meter needle not banging all over the place, gracefully moving. This is 2018. And it should be fun.

Hello to Unknown Region. United States, France and Netherlands

What if master tapes are on eBay?

Would someone be interested to bid on a 1/4in master tape?


No matter what the recorded content is.


It may be an ambient sound, a singing voice, a future to be successful or failed song. What does it matter?


Provided it is recorded in such a way that it sounds correct to listener's brain. See previous posts. In summary the right mic to the right position, the corect slope low cut passive filter, a one stage mic booster front end amplifier if needed and a world class reel to reel recorder such as Uher 4200 report. Or Ferrograph, Nagra, Sony, Tandberg, Studer, Revox, Tascam or whatever one thinks is best for the application.


Another hint may be avoiding recording many early sound reflection (at all frequencies not just HF or mid).


Another hint may be the musician(s) play softly, relaxed  (not harsh, or loud) at controlled dynamics (the musician compressing the ppp-FFF dynamic range) so that the end result is big or loud.


Would the highest bid price be higher or lower than that of an ordinary used tape reel of the same maker, model?


Perhaps there is nothing that can beat the reproduction quality of an analog master tape.


An analog master tape can transport you to a different time place. And can make its digital transfer sound good and quite real.


Is it the only way of teletransportation?


It makes you feel even more joyful or proud of being a living being.

Does Dream On - Aerosmith have reverb tape delay return rather than send?

This brilliant song was accidentally listened too while batteries were going very weak on a Sanyo MR-410 cassette tape recorder.


Tape speed was down, pitch was down a few semitones. Delay on the vocal could be more clearly heard.


(By the way was the voice recorded at a bit lower speed for the well known varispeed effect to get this out of ordinary world voice quality at normal tape speed? The voice sounded more natural but worse or ordinary when batteries were starting to get weak.)


Anyway, coming back to the topic. The reverb delay was heard in an extended low speed way on where the lyrics say "you know it's truuuueeeeeeeee".


Is the reverb effect sent to the tape recorder to be delayed rather than the dry signal tape delayed and set to the reverb?


If this is the case that should be the trick used at Columbia CBS 30th street New York converted church. If memory is correct engineer Frank Laico would send the reverb from the store-room reverb chamber to tape and get it back delayed.


Abbey road studios had to send visiting engineers to see how they got that sound.



See Frank Laico AES interviews on YouTube and other book references on previous posts.

Is it often that item described as not working sounds brilliant and

item described as fully working leaves much to be desired?


Perhaps it is nature's law to help someone when the PayPal account balance is a low figure.

A bipolar transistor Pleiades front end mic pre amp has not been tried yet

It should sound nice too.


Just one transistor in class A operation (electrons flowing all the time) may do much more than billions of transistors in complex circuitry.

Nagra recorder mic preamps and flat frequemcy response to listener's brain

By looking at the operating manual of Nagra 4 etc various interesting low cut curve choices can been seen.


One of them may remind the mighty Grampian DP4/L, see previous posts.

1st Pleiades recording on Uher 4200 report

Wow.


Signal path, setup:


Male singing voice - AKG MI 201-100 omnidirectional 830Ω microphone at 2in - Uher 4200 report recoding tape at 7.5ips - BASF broadcast per 638 1/4in magnetic tape - Uher 4200 reproducing - Sennheiser HD580


Caution: the Uher low Z output is intended for loudspeakers. A high enough series resistor should be connected for each headphone drive unit for ear protection from high SPLs.

On neo pilot

Neo pilot on tape synch for film is a great and very clever invention.

It operates in a similar way to a balanced microphone input where the RF or other disturbing signal is extinguished.

A push signal is recorded on some upper part of tape. A pull or 180 degrees out of phase or x(-1) or times (-1) signal is recorded on some lower part of tape. The full track mono playback head cannot read their existence. But the information can be extracted. For example by reading each part, multiplying one part with (-1) and adding it to the other. For example by connecting the 2 information  extracting  heads in series and out of phase.

She also:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilottone


And a previous post on synchronization

How are vocal line parts created on Dancing Queen - ABBA

This post could be called harmonizing part 2


What are the second or third voices doing?


This is very difficult to hear as the brain normally concentrates and hears the lead vocal.


The trip to find out is to think like a composer and not like a listener.


Lines must follow chords, bass code or harmony. So they do not have a relation to the main vocal of a third up. Only at some moments in time.


So for example:


On Dancing Queen - ABBA.


The key is A major meaning all C are sharp, all F are sharp, all G are sharp or black notes.


Now taking for example where the vocals say "anybody could be that guy".


The chord progression is from A to A46 ie from A C E to A D F, (remember to play the sharps).


The main melody is C E E E E A F.


The second melody or voice can be A C C C C E D. So the right chords are preserved, satisfied.


And so on by following closely the right chords or bass code.


Further reading on bass code:


Bach bass rules:


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

Great guide on calibration tapes and more

MRL calibration tapes:


https://www.canford.co.uk/ProductResources/resources/M/MRL/02-209%20MRL%20Choosing%20and%20using%20tapes.pdf


This was found on the Canford.co.uk website

Just an Illusion - Imagination

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TnfHdZrmMAw#fauxfullscreen

A simple melody

Waked up to this chorus.


The lyrics heard on the dream were "Just an Illusion - Imagination". Nothing to do with the 80's master song.


In a four beat matrix it goes like this:


The key is C minor. So any B is B flat, any A is A flat, any E is E flat.


On the left is numbered bass, on the right melody.


C                   C   C   C   D
C                         C   C  
B6                 C   C   C   D
B6                       C   C
F(9)               F    F   F
G7                 E   D   C   C
C


Bach notation is used for the harmony defined by the numbed bass. For example B6 means B bass, a part or voice playing the 6th ie G another voice playing or singing the 3rd ie D. So Bb bass and Bb D G.


Further reading on Bach bass rules:


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

Hello to Unknown Region, Hellas and Thailand

The Ferrograph 632 in the Pleiades lab

It is a 634 reel to reel.


It had been converted to full track stereo ie 632 with new 2 track heads.


If sounds big and extended at 7.5ips. Very big sound, better or more interesting than the original. (Paradox of analog recording). More frequencies added than the original? Higher average output level so the brain has better low and high frequencies, (equal loudness curves). And of course the sound is smooth like honey. (Microvariations in tape speed creating subtle frequency modulation caressing the ear (pitch distiguishing) basilar membrane?


It can drive the 300Ω Sennheiser HD580 headphones from its line out which is a cathode follower.


Signal path, setup:


Production:
Rock band playing in untreated living room - Grampian 25Ω GR1/L? ribbon re ribboned mics blumlein pair - Sowter 1:20 step up transformers - mic in of Ferrograph - Basf SM911


Reoroducrion:
The Basf SM911 - Ferrograph - Sennheiser HD580





At the moment only the lower track playback amplifier operates correctly.


Possibly due to a faulty or interminent connection output coupling capacitor.

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Which tape recorder

This is subjective.


The idea is using a top quality moving cool mic(s) feeding a Pleiades V6 booster mic amp feeding a top quality analog recorder.


Just thoughts. Everything could be wrong.


This is on how the Pleiades choice will be made.


It is about the use of a reel to reel analog tape recorder for live and or portable recording of the best possibly quality to listener's brain.


It is not about about re-recording a CD to a tape ie fitting something small, to something big. (A commercial CD music production has a typical dynamic range of say 20dB, easy to verify by just looking at a VU meter). On the contrary it is about fitting something tremendous such as close miked live, even softly played, music to something small such as a reproduction chain which may even be a digital path such an audio file to YouTube to listener. See Hamm reference.


Cassette is dismissed as the speed is low. Unless someone achieves safe running of the motor at high speed and simplify rec and play EQ such as in reel to reel at high speed, increase bias frequency, use with special heads the full width of the cassette in one pass which is slightly wider than half of 1/4in. Use discrete active amplifying devices with minimum feedback or component count.


What is the Pleiades choice?


Since reel to reel was seen in a dream standing at the highest place of a room, being taken care of by a woman, all cassette is abandoned and attention is placed on reel to reel.


Ferrograph series 6, Uher 4200, Nagra IV, Sony TC-510-2. Which ones?


All should be brilliant but a choice must be made.


The brilliant Sony will possibly not be, as it should consume a lot of power, (batteries for 2 hours?). If also has many transistors from mic to recording head. 9 transistors?
https://elektrotanya.com/cgi-bin/download2.cgi?fid=179010&file=sony_tc-510-2.pdf


The brilliant Nagra. Heavy. Almost everybody seems to want one. So the answer is possibly no.


Ferrograph series 6 definitely in for Pleiades experiments. Built like a battle ship. Reminds the great EMI BTR or Studer C37 at a smaller size. All electron tube. One module for playback amps with input transformer matching from head to grid. One module for recording amps. One module for psu and push pull bias oscillator with ECC82. Just 3 electron tube stages from mic to tape. Just 3 from tape to out. Brilliant. 3 motors. Very heavy. It was seen in a dream today liking very much the Basf SM 911.


And now to Uher 4200.
Lightweight, only 3Kg?
Just 3 transistors from mic in to tape.
Low power consumption.
Brilliant simplicity.
Simplicity of knobs.
Nice servo controls.
Germans invented the magnetophon.
Does have only what is crucial for a top quality recording.
7.5ips 1/4in 2 track stereo. No monitoring. Nice servo motor. It should be possible to easily play with varispeed by adjusting an internal trimmer.
Belts can be changed very quickly.
It may be called repairman's paradise.
But they do not seem to break much either.
Caution is on the rubber of the flywheel. A very cheap one was bought from eBay. It had an external part which was rusty. Nobody wanted it. Although advertised as not working it did work, one channel only, and the tape speed is very constant, perhaps moisture kept the rubber soft?


The reel to reel seen on the dream did not look like a known reel to reel recorder. It may have looked like a table Sony model that could also take batteries.


But a choice has to be made. The Uher sounds nice (so far playback on one channel was tried). And it does not have complexity and things sticking out all over the place.


The Pleiadss lab has a Ferrograph series 6, a Uher 4200 and a Sears Silvertone 5240. They sound great and another Uher 4200 is being expected. The Sears Silvertone csosbke of 7.5ips is heavy. It is electron tube. The fast forward, rewind switching arrangement is brilliant. There is motor, running noise. As if someone might have twisted deliberately the flywheel rubber band to make it shorter?! It is quarter track. The sound is remembered to be very nice. 2 Sonotone ceramic mics were used to record a piano. Spaced omnis, one on the left and the other on the right of the piano resting in cushioned chairs. The loudspeakers were placed were the mic were, just below, on the floor. At (the single ended electron tube in class A) reproduction sounded as if the sound was coming from the piano itself.


Reference:


Tubes vs transistors (vs op amplifiers), Is there an audible difference? - Russel O. Hamm - JAES

A great video on Nagra tape recorders

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=155ow-iLV9g#fauxfullscreen

A Great video on portable reel to reel recorders

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sBV7bzrZtoo

A video on EMI BTR tape recorders

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3Er8FNkGMY4#fauxfullscreen

2 very nice books on tape recorders

Tape recorders - H. W. Hellyer


It contains naturally information on Uher portable Reel to Reels etc.


Also the book:


How to get the most out of your tape recorder - Percival J. Guy

La Nuit - Adamo

L amour est bleu - Vicky Leandros

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nD4ib9-laGY#fauxfullscreen
Dorian mode. From D minor to G major. Ie all notes are white starting from D to D.


Is the microphone the AKG D202?


http://www.coutant.org/akgd202/index.html
http://www.coutant.org/akgd202/special.html


Great melody.


It begins at Dorian scale. For example La minor and then Re major since F is sharp.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CvkHOD0PT1E

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All I needed was you, simple chorus

Woke up while listening to this chorus, the lyrics can no longer be remembered but they could be as on the title.


The chorus had voices singing in F major and it went somehow like this:


In 4 beats per measure matrix:


Bass         melody


F            -   -   -   -
F            -  A  G  G
D               F   F  F    (D4 is prepared)
D               D  C  A
A            -   -   -   -
A            -  A  G  G
B                F  F   F    (Note B6 is prepared)
C                F  E   F    (C4 is prepared)
F      Repeat (go to beginning)


Public domain


Any B is B flat since scale is F major


Further reading:


Bach bass rules:


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

Kicking the ball

One could use a plugin or software to calculate the position of a ball with respect to time. Using equations of motion, mechanics, gravity equations, many computers operating to calculate all this complexity of boundary conditions, obstacles, impedance mismatching therefore reflection, conservation of momentum, of energy, increase of entropy...


Yet, it is much simpler to just go out on the street and kick the ball and see what it does in real time or real life. And play.


This is an analog computer operating at nearly the speed of light. Consuming the least amount of energy.


Just some chemical energy from a human or a cat hitting the ball while playing.


And the ball knows what to do.

NAB optimized for 7.5ips but not for 15ips?

See: Ampex Master Equalisation - Ampex Service Bulletin No. 15


It is causally mentioned. "From a noise standpoint 15ips is the worst speed possible: 7.5ips or 30ips original tape should be quieter, but has of course, the usual limitations of frequency response on one hand and playing time on the other"


The Ampex bulletin refers to subjective noise are the ear brain is most sensitive at 2KHz to 6KHz, see equal loudness curves by Fletcher Munson.

Does analog tape contain biblion billion billions of electrons?

How many per foot?


Is it electrons locked to orbits that store the information?


Further reading:


Feynman Lectures in Physics

Some more advantages of analog tape recording

For example:


Print through, pre echo or post echo. Possibly subtly preparing the human brain. See also 7ths, 6ths, 9ths chords etc prepared for the human brain [Bach].


Some many other subtle artifacts that possibly keep brain interested:


Reproduction can never be exactly the same.


Digital recording can record some of these subtle artifacts but cannot produce them.


Other artifacts:


From Ampex service bulletin no 15:


"If the high frequency input level is increased still more beyond the saturation point, the signal on the tape decreases. This phenomenon is known as self-erasure. A high-level, high frequency signal not only erases itself as it is being recorded, but partially erases any other tone which is being recorded".





References:


Ampex Master Equalization (AME) - Ampex Service Bulletic no. 15


Bach Bass Rules:


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

Analog reproduction is subtly different every time

so the brain possibly gets less bored.

History of Ampex

http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/company.histories/ampex/ampex-factbook-1970.pdf

The book of 3M magnetic tape history

http://www.aes.org/aeshc/books+vids/book-review-3m.html

History of Motion Picture Sound Recording - Frayne

http://www.aes.org/aeshc/#MagRec


See also the book: Elements of Sound Recording - Frayne, Wolfe
One of the best textbooks ever published.

Ass Historical Committee

Wealth of information:


http://www.aes.org/aeshc/#MagRec

3M Bulletins Index

http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/3mtape/soundtalkindex.html

The handling, storage of magnetic tape

http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/3mtape/soundtalk/soundtalkv3n1.pdf

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Hello to Vietnam

How about Quantegy 632 magnetic recording tape?

http://www.tapeheads.net/archive/index.php/t-56448.html

Looking at H-B magnetic curves of iron

They are very linear especially at low H (magnetization) field values.


Does the same happen with old magnetic tape that had low coercivity and retentivity?


For example 3M Scotch 111 used to record Kind of Blue - Miles Davies?


Would a Quantegy 632 preform similarly too?


http://www.tapeheads.net/archive/index.php/t-56448.html

Basf, Agfa data

http://www.bruynooghe.fr/public/effets_vintage/Agfa-BASF_spec.pdf


Or


http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/basftape/basftapes.html

3M Scotch 111 tape data etc

http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/3mtape/aorprod-cust.pdf


From:


http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/3mtape/aorintro.html

A visit to the Basf tape factory

https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Amateur-Tape-Recorder/ATR-1966-11.pdf

Dreaming of SM911

It was realized in a flash dream that the Basf 911 is low noise too.


There is some experience of very nice sound quality on older Pleiades experiments with Basf 911 studio master tape.


Possibly the next recording medium of Pleiades experiments will be the Basf Emtec 911 tape.


The Quantegy 632 with much lower values of coercivity, remanence will have to be tried too. Would it perform similar to vintage 50s, 60s tape?

Basf SM911 data, history of magnetic tape

Studio Master 911


https://www.technicalaudio.com/pdf/EMTEC_BASF_tape/EMTEC_BASF_Studio_Master_911.pdf

Χοντρούλι χοντρούλι γατούλι

In C major


Χοντρούλι χοντρούλι γατουλι
E G E C C E F E D
C                   G (bass line)

G (bass line) pause at melody

Γατουλι γατουλι χοντρό
D F E D D E F E
G7                 C

C bass, pause at melody

Είσαι χοντρούλι γατουλι
G E C C E F E D
C                G

G bass, pause at melody

Είσαι γατουλι χοντρό
F D C B C D C
G                C


Then it modulates to C# etc


It's a cha cha cha kids song


Bass code or figured bass
C
G
G7
C
C
G
G7
C


Public Domain

Does cheap vegetable oil clog blood arteries?

At your risk. This is not a medical advice.


Please do your own search. For example searching with keywords, margarine, trans fat, palm oil, palm fat etc in Wikipedia or other information sources.


A local manufacturer of nice cheese pies was asked today how is the pastry prepared. He replied that he uses margarine as it is hard enough.


A similar story seems to be for cheap bread, toast bread, ice cream, ice cream cones, many non home made peanut butter, cheap snacks etc.


The food inductry is not to blame. They write it clearly in the packaging that there is vegetable oil.


It is up to the consumer to find out whether what will get inside the body will clog blood arteries or not.


Consumers also demand cheap, cheaper, cheapest prices.


Cheap vegetable oil has other importance too.


It supports so many professional sections.


For example health, insurance, hospital, funeral, religious services.


Whenever there is pain, is there religion?

Magnetic bias of ships?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degaussing

Does the Quantegy studio cassette have more coeecivity and retentivity than 499 or 456?

Reading the Quantegy professional media products catalog:


                                               Coercivity              Retentivity


472     Type II cassette              675Oe                    1700Gs

456                                            330Oe                    1460Gs

499                                            350Oe                    1500Gs

AVX/IRC IEC type I cassette   360Oe                    1400Gs


Is this done because a cassette tape has much less width? Is it a bit larger that half of 1/4in?


The 472 is a high bias cassette.


What is Oe?
Oe comes form Orsted. It can also be measured in kA/m
He discovered that moving electric charges ie electric current creates a magnetic field.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Ørsted


What is Gs?
Gs comes from the physicist Gaus. It can also be measured in mT.


What is coercivity?
Coeecivity or coercive force is the magnetising force necessary to reduce the flux density in a
magnetic material to zero. See hysteresis. From mini dictionary of Physics - Oxford.


What is retentivity?


See also:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_hysteresis
and the Wikipedia link on damping low earth satelite orbits.


Degaussing
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degaussing


Further reading:


Feynman lecture in Physics - Feynman, Leighton, Sands


Electricity and Magnetism - Purcell - Berkley Physics Course


Conceptual Physics - Hewitt

How is analog magnetic audio tape made

How we Make Analog Audio Tapes - Laurent Perdrieau - Chief Trchnology Officer - Mullan


https://www.recordingthemasters.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/HowWeMakeTapes.pdf


From:


https://www.recordingthemasters.com/thefactory/

The patent document of the Beltone Lyric electron tube hearing aid

US2495546


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=2495546A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=3&date=19500124&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP

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Hello to Germany and France

Hello to Indonesia

Visiting yesterday.

Grampian DP4/L microphone at 67Ω?

Life is full of surprises.


It is a grey color Grampian D.P.4/L. the label saying 25 ohms.


But when it is measured at 1024Hz the impedance is 67 ohms.


Whereas α black billiard ball colored DP4/L that has a heavy odor measures 25Ω.

Are A to D converters deaf?

An electron tube or vacuum tube or valve hearing aid uses just 3 electron tube amplifying stages from mic to headphone output.


Schematics are very similar to world class 3 stage electron tube preamplifiers in class A (electrons flowing all the time).

3 electron tube stages in bit larger match box size, Beltone Lyric hearing aid

Caution. Take all safety precautions for ear and electrical safety.


It arrived.


The Belotone Lyric beautiful chrome hearing aid.


It could not be believed how small it is. 6.5cm x 4cm x 2cm or 2.5in x 1.5in x 6/8in.


It arrived in somehow almost new condition. Thankfully it might have been replaced by a transistor hearing aid.


It's amazing, state of art electronics, electrons flowing all the time (class A operation) in vacuum. A microphone amplifier bought for so little. It contains 3 subminiature electron tubes. Thank you transistor.


The mercury very thick coin battery cell could be replaced if done very carefuly for safety with a A/3 rechargeable battery. It should last for long as each electron tube filament must consume about 10mA. The 15V battery might be replaced by a 12V garage remote control type battery practically lasting for ever. The operating manual clearly says that the amplifier can operate with just less power output even if the Vb goes down to 10V.


The Citizen Regent hearing aid must have enough space for fitting an ordinary AA rechargeable battery for the filaments.


(At your risk. All safety precautions must be taken. Batteries must be connected in series with a suitable fuse for safety).


The Beltone Lyric was cleaned in a similar way one would clean tape recording heads. Contacts too.


The impedance at 1024Hz of the headphone was measured 60Ω. The inductance 5mH.


The inductance of the output transformer secondary at 1024Hz was measured to be 30mH.


How would this preamp sound with an SM58, SM57? How with an MD441 U3? How with a Grampian DP4/L?


A suitable input transformer must be used to get inoedance to hi.


Or a mic that already has a transformer inside such as the vintage SM57 ie Unidyne III. Or an MD21 HN or HL or an M55 N.


How about MD211?


Or a crystal mic, say a nice Geloso or Sonotone.


How would it sound with its own (crystal?) mic?


Buying something ready may not have the joy the joy of building it yourself. But how would this little front end amp sound like?


Analog to digital converters needing hearing aids?


Further reading, the patent document of Beltone Lyric hearing aid:


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=2495546A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=3&date=19500124&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP

The great gift of digital technology to audio engineering

Apart from making the Internet itself possible...


Digital technology is so much promoted by marketing departments that enough people may buy it.


So analog audio electronics prices are kept reasonably low for those we wish to buy.


To summerise, very large budgets are spent so that someone else can buy a Uher report 4200 reel to reel analog tape reorder masterpiece at less than 100eur. Or a Sennheiser MD211, MD441. Or a new old stock Nuvistor electron tube..., Beyer input transformers, Haufe, Altec transformers..., new old stock tape wound cores...


Perhaps the most important as it has always been in history is knowing what you want.

Data self protection

One way to protect personal data is not upload it (by Alexandre). For example on a social media website.


Another way is having everything in light, under the sun, nothing to hide etc (by Lambros). For example the best way to protect an idea may be publishing it freely.


Another way may be uploading irrelevant information.


For example in search for a Beyer mic at low bid you accidentally or non accidentally found a Bayer microphone which does not exist. It exists but it had be written wrong. So you are perhaps the first and only one to see it.


But because your previous search was on Senheiser uups Sennheiser MD211 the auction bots (robots) take notice and recommend your unique find to those who also searched for MD211. Even if you delete cookies every time the bots are clever and know you. And they might know you are a good discoverer. So how about changing all that and making yourself appear a complete fool to the clever bots.


So one way to play with the bots may be to create unusual interests. For example a keen interest in searching in need of being a collector of automobile oil filters, gear boxes, trains, Bayer aspirin boxes, domestic animal jewelry etc.


While getting warmed up with searching for oil filters you can type what you really want. Watching the item page details may be tricky too.


Anyway. Perhaps it does not really matter how cheap or how expensive something is bought or if it is bought at all. Nothing is lost.


And the sun sends a new amount of energy everyday on earth.

Καθε μέρα ανατέλλει ο Ηλιος...

και η ανθρωπότητα γινεται πιο πλούσια απο καινούργια ενέργεια.

Everyday the sun rises...

and mankind is becoming richer by the new energy sent.

Is a top quality class A operating amp possible with an UL84 electron tube

At your risk. Even 40V can be very dangerous. Follow all known safety precautions.


A top quality input transformer could be used for great sound passive stepping up of the signal voltage without the need of a extra preamp electron tube. The coupling capacitor is important as the grid wants to be undisturbed to assume it's DC potential formexamolemif used at space potential.


A few 12V batteries may be needed to get to 48V volts. Always use a suitable fuse in series with a battery for safety.


So 48V DC would power the heaters at pristine low noise quality.


The same 48V may  power the anode through an output transformer.


It may be a good experiment to see if the grid can be left open or floating or at space potential. If this fails then what high pull up resitor can be used from grid to cathode, cathode being to ground. If this fails then perhaps using a cathode resistor to reduce anode current by increasing negative bias. It is advised to bring up anode voltage slowly and observe anode current. Note: In most cases even with pull up bias the grid is more negative than cathode due to the fact that the cathode is loosing electrons by thermionic emmision to the electron cloud. Perhaps a good way to know what is happening is to monitor the anode current. Or connecting a pH meter or an electrometer to grid so that its potential wrt cathode is its bias can be measured by not being disturbed by the measuring device itself.


The schematic of this power amp may be a variation of the Pleiades V6 front end mic booster front end amp. Do not connect a high Megohm resitor from anode to grid unless you wish to play with much lower plate voltage such as 12V or 6V with a PL84, EL84 or other electron tubes.


data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/photoulia/35858046756/in/dateposted/" title="Pleiades V6 schematic">

It should give a world class, state of the art sound.


It should be relatively simple to make.


We should be using electron tubes to reproduce nice music. Not electron tubes using us to reproduce music.


Further reading: Open grid vs pull up (Pleiades bias) or pull down bias - euroelectron


For even simpler and pristine sounding class A power amps (electrons flowing all the time) the Pleiades 2N3053 may be tried.


More further reading:


Electronic Valves, Fundamentals of Radio Valve Technique Deketh - Philips


Applied Electronics - T. S. Gray - MIT

The figured bass of Face to Face - Twins

Concentrating on the brilliant synth melody riff:


https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vpHUcqe2v-w#fauxfullscreen


Melody is:

F E D
G F D E F
A G D
E F E C


Bass is respectively for each of the 4 measures:


D
Bb
B
C


The above left hand bass sounds best at the middle of the piano keyboard.


If lower register is used for the bass then G might be better played instead of B.


From the above it can be seen that the code or figured bass is:


D or its inversion A D F ie A46
B6
B7 or G9
C


So the left hand playing the full chord at the middle of the keyboard would be:


A D F
Bb D G
B D G
C E G


(Note the little left hand finger goes up a semitone each time. Principle of least change in music to produce most beautiful change).


Further reading:


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

Showing bass and chords without showing off

It would be nice if a YouTube Chanel exists (if not already) that:


Shows played on the piano with left hand just chords and its little finger perhaps playing bass. The right hand playing only melody. The chords would not be just the boring 135 major or major but the real thing exactly as on the song itself. 7hs, 6ths, 9ths, 45 resolved to 3 etc. just as Bach describes it on his manual so much used in modern pop music [Bach].


Without showing off


Demonstrating the principle of least change in music by just having the left hand doing the minimum movement or change needed to produce the desired figured bass code or harmony or chords. (Same words for the same thing).


Examples of songs could be:


Old and Wise - Alan Parsons Project


Dancing Queen - ABBA


The nice melody and code of Face to Face - Twins



etc



Further reading:


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

Interesting information on sticky shed syndrome

http://richardhess.com/notes/formats/magnetic-media/magnetic-tapes/analog-audio/degrading-tapes/


http://www.tapeheads.net/showthread.php?t=2597


http://www.tapeheads.net/showthread.php?t=13748


Etc

Sticky Shed Syndrome

You may write your experience with magnetic tape maker, type, batch etc at comments below.


Positive or negative feedback is welcome.


Fewest words possible.


For a positive comment please begin with + and for a negative with -.

Caution reading euroelectron

I was searching on google for a topic I do not know and euroelectron came 2nd.


The search was about best tape for Uher report 4200.

How magnetic tape works in analog recording

When we say say a material is magnetized all we may possibly mean is that electrons change their spin and keep that particular spin orientation. Ie remembering their spin. Ie remembering or storing the music waveform.


In a magnetic tape there are billions billion billions of electrons.


Further reading:


Feynman Lectures in Physics - Feynman, Leighton, Sands

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OK let's not dismiss digital yet...

Can it be done with just 3 or 6 transistors from production to reproduction?

Face to Face - The Twins

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6MsBue8ty34#fauxfullscreen


It even has great 6th chords harmony. (Si bass and Sol higher part).


A great 9th too. Sol bass and La higher part.


A great counterpoint...(melodies running together including the bass itself).


Reference:


Bach Bass Rules;


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

How does the Sony TCM-280 sound like?

Latter addition (1810). After re listening to 1/4in tape running at 7.5ips, real instruments recorded either from Ferrograph series 6 or Uher 4200 and seeing relevant dreams Pleiades experiments with cassettes are abandoned. What a sound. The recording medium to be used will be possibly BASF SM611 1/4in tape.


One of the most beautiful cassete corders.


It sounded noisy. Motor, servo buzz can be heard at almost any volume setting. Possibly due to decoupling capacitors having deteriorated.


Feeding it at mic in with the Pleiades V1 there was a buzz intermodulation. The problem was solved by connecting an output transformer between V1 and TCM-280. Sound was nice. But there was still some motor noise problem.


Also sound can be harsh and the s may be too sibilant.


No matter how it sounds it still sounds much more immediate or realistic than digital. It's immediacy can may one wonder if that realistic sound had come from something happening in the room rather than coming from the tiny speaker.


The internal mic was tied on these tests.


Also an external Sony F-96.


As well as a Sennheiser MD21 HN microphone feeding the Pleiades V6 terminated by a Canford Neutrik red output transformer inside a 1/4in jack.


So far the best cassete decks tried are the Marantz CP-430 and the Sony TC-D5 series fed by Pleiades mic boosters.


Nevertheless and having listened to a Uher 4200 report and a Ferrograph Series 6 electron tube reel to reel as well as a Sears Silvertone 5240 all running at 7.5ips, and after seeing a relevant dream it is felt that reel to reel class is another world. The high frequencies are so smooth and nice. Perhaps cassette would sound as well too at higher speed and descrete class A (electrons flowing all the time) electronics. Some older Sony, Sanyo or JVC cassette recorders even portable mono may do the trick but they still run at the specified low speed.


It is possible that Pleiades cassette experiments are coming to an end.


Reel to reel.


Face to Face.


Heart to Heart.


Fact to Face - the Twins
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6MsBue8ty34#fauxfullscreen

Where does the name YouTube come from?

You comes from I, You...


Tube comes from electron tube.


Older televisions used a big glass air evacuated tube. It looks like a fat bottle and us looking the picture at the bottom of it.


The electron gun is where the cork is.


Briefly, thermally emmited electrons are accelerated by varying electric potential and finally strike the end of the tube creating the varying or moving, motion picture.


It is called a cathode ray tube or CRT as electrons are emmited like rays from the cathode.

A history of audio in a few worlds

It reached great heights in the 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s with reel to reel analog tape running at 7.5ips, 15ips, 30ips. With electron tubes or transistors operating in class A (electrons flowing all the time).


Then it may had became a race of how much the sound quality can get worse before the public notices.

Canelina the cat, Lucy the cat and the acoustic waves

Or in short: Canelina and the Waves


A fairytale in Hellenic on collision of air molecules for the propagation of sound waves.


On next post.

Η Κανελινα, η Λούσι και τα κύματα

Η Λούσι αρχισε παλι...


Αυτη τη φορα άκουγαν το Dancing Queen - ABBA με προσήλωση.


Δεν τους είπε για τις προετοιμασμένες έβδομες και ένατες που τοςο αγαπάει ο Μπαχ στο σημείο που οι τραγουδίστριες λένε "and when you get a chance..." [Bach].


Αρχισε ομως να λεει αλλα.


"Κοιτάξτε τo μεγάφωνo πως πάλλεται... Συγκρούονται τα κοντινότερα μόρια αέρα με αυτο και θέτονται σε αντιςτοιχη παλινδρομική κινηςη. Μετα σαν να ειναι όλοι συνοστισμενοι επιβάτες λεωφορείου συγκρούονται μέ τα διπλανά μόρια αέρα. Αυτα με τα διπλανά τους και ούτω καθεξής μέχρι αυτα που ειναι κοντα στο τύμπανο του αυτιού μας να συγκρουστούν με αυτο. Ετςι ανηιςτοιχα μεταφέρεται η παλινδρομική κινηςη της πηγής, της πηγής του ήχου, και ακούμε.


Η υπομονετική χελώνα έβγαλε καπνούς.


Η Κανελινα που δεν καταλάβαινε τίποτα έβαλε τα κλάματα και έτρεξε στους σοφούς γλάρους στην παραλια.


Οι σοφοί γλάροι όρθιοι στον βράχο μεςα στη θαλαςςα την παρηγορησαν αμέσως.


Μην ανησυχεις. Ειναι απλά κύμα. Σαν αυτο εδώ που βλέπεις στο νερό. Μονο που ειναι αόρατο.


Εδώ ομως στο νερό που το βλέπουμε μόρια νερού συγκρούονται με μόρια νερού. Μεταφέρεται η κινηςη, η ενέργεια της πηγής. Δεν μεταφέρεται το ίδιο το νερό. Αλλιώς θα έφτανε ως την Ακρόπολη.


Τα μόρια του νερού κινούνται γυρω απο μια θέση ισορροπίας. Οπως και τα μόρια του αέρα για τον ήχο.


Μερικα κύματα οπως το φως, δηλαδή τα χρώματα, τα ραδιοκύματα, οι ακτίνες Χ κτλ μπορούν να ταξιδεύουν και στο κενό αφου αυτο που μεταβαλεται ειναι ηλεκτρικό η μαγνητικό πεδίο.


Ενα κύμα ειναι απλά μια διαταραχή η διακύμανση που μεταβαλεται στο χώρο και στον χρόνο.


Κοιτά, αν κουνήσουμε γρήγορα τα φτερά μας πανω στο νερό, δηλαδή με μεγάλη συχνιτητα το μήκος κύματος μικραίνει. Μήκος κύματος ειναι η απόσταση μεταξύ διαδοχικών κορυφών.


Το ειδε η Κανελινα σκουπίζοντας τα δάκρυα της.


Απο την συχνοτητα της παλινδρομικες κινηςης των μορίων του αέρα εξαρτάται το ύψος του τόνου η της νότας.


Συχνοτητα ειναι ενα αντικειμενικό μέγεθος. Ειναι ο αριθμός περιοδικών παλμικων κινήσεων το δευτερόλεπτο. Πχ ποςες φορες η μεμβράνη ενος τυμπάνου κλεινει μια πλήρη παλινδρομική κινηςη μεςα σε ενα δευτερόλεπτο. Η μια χορδή κιθάρας η πιάνου. (Στην πραγματικότητα ολα αυτα κανουν πολλές παλινδρομικες κινηςεις ταυτοχρονα. Το ίδιο και το μεγάφωνο αφου απο αυτο μπορει να ακουγεται μια ολόκληρη συμφωνια). Ας πουμε ομως για μια συχνοτητα τώρα. Μετριέται σε κύκλους ανα δεύτερολεπτο η Hz προς τιμήν του φυσικού Hertz.


Το ύψος τόνου ειναι αυτο που αντιλαμβάνεται ο εγκεφαλος μας. Μετριέται σε Mels απο τη λέξη μελωδία, melody. Το ύψος του τόνου δεν εξαρτάται μονο απο την συχνοτητα αλλα και απο την ένταση. Γι αυτο και οι καλύτεροι μουςικοι του πλανήτη ξέρουν να κουρδιζουν με το αυτο και οχι με το ηλεκτρονικό κουρδιστιρι που δεν καταλαβαίνει τί ειναι Mel αφου δεν εχει ανθρώπινο η γατίσιο εγκεφαλο. Πχ μια, ακομα και πεπειραμένη, τραγουδίστρια ακουγοντας ενα τόνο δυνατά τραγουδά φάλτσα γιατι αντιλαμβάνεται φάτσα [Stevens].


Γι'αυτο η Λουσι παντα κανει φιγούρα οτι τραγουδάει σωστά βάζοντας το YouTube να παιζει σιγα; αναρωτήθηκε η Κανελινα.


Γέλασαν οι σοφοί γλάροι...


Η Κανελινα πέταξε απο την χαρά της.


Τους φώναξε ολους και άρχισαν να τραγουδούν σιγα Dancing Queen - ABBA και να χορευουν κατω απο τις πρώτες ακτίνες τους Ηλιου που δεν αφηνει καμια σκια στην αλήθεια.








Περισσότερα:


Ήχος και Ακοη - Stevens, Warshofsky - μεταφραση Τιερη - Εγκυκλοπαιδια Λάιφ


Bach Bass Rules
https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf


Feynman Lectures in Physics - Feynman, Leigton, Sands


Conceptual Physics - Hewitt (μαθητής του Feynman)
Ειναι ιςως απιστευτο νεο οτι το βιβλίο αυτο ξεκίνησε να μεταφράζεται για το ελληνικο σχολείο. Μπράβο στους λειτουργούς του υπουργείου παιδείας. Πιθανότατα οι καλύτεροι εκπαιδευτικοί επιςτημονες στον πλανήτη.



Feynman on what is light - YouTube


Waves - Crawford - Berkeley Physics Couse

Cathode follower electron tube with pull up bias driving transistor

A recent dream brought this to attention.


Instead of getting low Z out, on a microphone booster front end, from an output transformer such as the Pleiades V6 schematic:





Could a cathode follower configuration be used?


So just a resistor from cathode to ground. Signal out from cathode.


Anode connected to say 6V. An electron tube designed for low plate voltage operation or in fact almost any electron tube shouod be able to be used with the following procedure.


Operation at just 6V can be achieved by the following method.


The cathode is always more positive than the grid as it is missing electrons by emmision to the electron cloud.


If a high Megohm resistor is connected from grid to cathode we have pull up bias, therefore ncrease in anode current.


Alternatively a higher Mehohm resitor may be connected from control grid to anode or Vb for more pull up bias.


In all of these cases the grid potential can still be negative but less negative. (The grid potential or bias is by definition referenced to cathode). Input inoedance is not very very high but it is usually great for the secondary of a mic step up transformer.


Would this be a nice circuit to drive the input transistor of an Uher report reel to reel portable recorder?


Why doing this?


Input is studio quality balanced. Noise figure, S/N can be world class. Sound can be possibly the best sound. A world class dynamic microphone such as Sennheiser MD series, Electro-Voice RE series, Beyer Dynamic, Shure etc can be connected. Such mics suitably connected and front end amplified may send to the cleaners almost anything else.


How about the anode follower?


Of course it sounds great. For example resistance capacitance (RC) coupling, eg the Pleiades V4 mic prepreamp feeding the mic in of the Realistic Disco mixer. Or output transformer coupling eg Pleiades V6 front end mic amp seen on the above schematic, feeding the balanced mic in of Sony TC-D5 pro. Or Pleiades V1, one electrometer tube operating by 1.2V. See previous posts.

Point of view

Point of view depends on the degree of insecurity felt.


by Michalis

Bittersweetness

Nothing can beat the bittersweetness of a handful of wild grapes just cut and immediately squeezed in mouth.


The best juice?

Withdrawing from benzodiazepines

At your risk. This is not a medical advice.


This is continuing from previous parts.


Both human beings begun to withdraw on 1st September 2018. The male had been on 2.5mg of a known pill for a few years. Before this 1.25mg for some years. The female had been on 2.5mg for a few months, 1.25mg for some years. Before this 2.5mg for some years and before this 1mg for some years.


The withdrawal half time (time for dose to become 1/2) chosen is 6 months.


The dose of tomorrow is the dose of today multiplied by 0.9954. See previous posts.


(Note the most abrupt change is the first day, see previous posts or the graph of a discharging capacitor).


Another way of thinking at it is the following. Everyday the pill mass of the previous day is cut in 10000 equal pieces and 9954 are taken. (Note that every passing day we cut a slightly smaller mass to 10000 equal pieces and take 9954 of them).


In practice it is done by writing on an electronic calculator the number 0.9954, then x 200 (200mg is the weighted mass of the whole particular pill), then we press = and find the desired mass for next day. Then pressing again = to find the desired mass for the day after and so on. Calculating is easy.


A electronic microscale is used and a file to reduce the mass of each pill. Reduced pills are place securely on a plastic box with marked compartments for each date.


On about day 7 the male was waking up very early in the morning, 3-4am and it was fairly difficult to get back to sleep. Although it was discussed on making the half time 12 months (this is done by taking the square root of 0.9954?), he decided to carry on without change in reduction curve. So far he is doing fine.


The female is doing fine too.


Attention: anything of this kind needs expert advice and supervision of a psychiatrist, neurologist, psychologist, psychotherapist etc.


Later addition: in about 20 days for beginning of withdraw at halftime of 6 months, male withdrawer having an argument with a relative had an even worse bad temper than usual. Rate of reduction will possibly be reduced to a halftime of 12 months. This can possibly be done by taking the square root of 0.9954 and using the resultant number as a multiplier for each day dose. The number is approximately 0.9977. Recalculating from September 1 2018 when reduction begun the dose for the 20th of Seotember was found by multiplying the mass of the whole pill with 20 times the number 0.9977 with itself. Of course the is a jump up from day 19 dose to day 20. After day 20 the reduction rate is decreased such as in 12 months from September 1 the dose will be half.

To bid or not to bid ?

A possible 1/4in recording format for Pleiades experiments

It may be 1/4in 2 track at 7.5ips or higher. That was seen in a very short dream flash, see a previous post.


Unless a very beautiful Sony TCM-280:


has its servo motor amp getting crazy and the cassete tape starts running at 7.5ips...


some hearing aid subminiature electron tubes with nice dresses enter and beat the ICs, junk them away and begin connecting themselves to invited input and output transformers...

Can electron tubes or analog tape fit something big to something small?

Possibly so.


Transistors, discrete circuits with few components with little or no negative feedback are in too.


What may be wrong with negative feedback?
It makes abrupt the translation from linear to overload so that something big cannot fit to something small. The distortion would be nasty. It is also transient intermodulation distortion [Otala].


Mr Black's genius invented negative feedback on a ferry trip and wrote it down on a small packet. Clearly an invention that made much of what we see today possible but possibly not an invention made for top quality audio.


What is meant by big?
The live music signal itself.


What is meant by small?


A small mobile phone, a small size downloaded file, a small IC etc.


Further reading:


Tubes vs Transistirs (vs operational amplifiers), Is there an Audible Difference? - Russel O. Hamm - JAES

Maybe the human ear cannot hear single tones above 20KHz but magnetic analog recording can

Reading the title carefully. It says single tones. This is because the non linearity of the human hearing mechanism may hear the intermodulation (not beat) of say 25KHz plus 30KHz as combination subharmonics. A similar nonlinear multiplication such as on how an HF, RF in fact Theremnin can produce audio frequencies. See also Tartini violin tones. See also Taylor series in mathematics of non linear transfer curves ie electron tubes in class A etc.


But back to a single sine wave.


Yes the human ear may not recognize a single 25KHz tone. But an analog tape recorder can demodulate the information and bring it back to the audio band. Theremin non linear reduction of frequency again.


This was by chance verified on a Ferrograph series 6 electron tube analog tape recorder running at 7.5ips.


A 10Hz to 200KHz sine wave generator was connected at the input.


While recording and when instant monitoring was done by the replay head any fairly close to above 20KHz could create clearly heard subharmonics, ie audio band. While input frequency was increased, going down frequemcy sweeps were created. Is this demodulation happening due to the interaction of input frequency with the bias high frequency Thermein way again? Together with non linearity of magnetic tape at higher levels? Interesting and nice sounding glissandos. Also called birdies, see reference.


So although we may not be able to hear the presence of a single sinewave above 20KHz a simple signal path tape recorder let us do hear its presence. The information is not lost. Perception is enchanted.


Is this another reason why analog recording may send for tea or to the cleaners other technologies?


Reference:


https://www.stereophile.com/content/revox-g-36-open-reel-tape-recorder


Further general reading:


Applied Electronics - T. S. Gray - MIT

Hello to the United States of America

Pedal Bass together with Step Bass on Dream On - Aerosmith

How rare or unusual could this be?


No wonder the introduction (as well as the rest) of the song Dream On - Aeromith is a great achievement of mankind.


The first bass is F. So the key or scale is F minor.


The bass stays there at F for many measures.


Another part, (voice or melody) descends the scale. F then E then D then C. (Makes sure you play all the flat (black) notes of the F minor key). At other times it goes up step by step.


So pedal or steady not too deep bass together with higher pitched step bass.


Then bass then takes over and descends step by step.


Bach, Beethoven. Rachmaninov,..., would be proud.


Further reading:


Bach bass rules


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf

Ύψος Μουσικής Νότας

Μπράβο στο ελληνικά πανεπιστήμιο και ωδείο που ειναι πιθανότατα τα πρώτα που ξεκίνησαν να διδάσκουν τις λεπτομέρειες.


Ο Μπαχ έλεγε, ο Θεός ειναι στις λεπτομέρειες.


https://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio-webdav/handbook/Pitch.html

Pitch

https://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio-webdav/handbook/Pitch.html

Musical notes are not frequencies

Why should they be?


Musical scales notes are pitches.


The perception of pitch to the human brain does not depend only on frequency but on intensity too [Stevens].


For example A4 440Hz if played not softly will sound flat to the human brain.


Technocratic thinking of notes are frequencies may have led to the cheap midi intonation of music (without for example human adjusting of each midi internment or part for correct master tuning or intonation) very familiar in elevators or supermarkets.


An electronic tuning instrument does not have a human brain either.


So coming to an element of interpretation. If for example Beethoven writes in his score C4 and (ff) double forte or double loud, a good conductor or oboe player for example must play the correct frequency for that intensity so that it sounds C4 to the human brain.



The conductor and perhaps even more the audience may hear a different pitch as they are further away from the oboe. But the important element is that the orchestra is in tune with itself.


It does not really matter if the audience may hear a few Mels above or below as long as the whole sounds harmonic to their ear brain.


Mel is the unit of pitch.


Frequency is the unit of frequency.


References:


Sound and Hearing - S. S. Stevens, Fred Warshopsky - Chapter 4, The Mind's Influence - Life Science Series


https://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio-webdav/handbook/Pitch.html


Music, Physics and Engineering - Harry Olson - 1967 page 251 after Stevens - Dover

Οι μουσικές νοτες δεν ειναι συχνότητες

Γιατι θα έπρεπε να ειναι;


Ειναι απλά ύψη τόνων που αντιλαμβάνεται ο ανθρώπινος εγκεφαλος.


Το ύψος ενος τόνου δεν εξαρτάται μονο απο την συχνιτητα αλλα και απο την ένταση [S. S. Stevens]


Το ηλεκτρονικό κουρδιστηρι δεν εχει ανθρώπινο εγκεφαλο.


Οι άνθρωποι έχουν.


Περισσότερα στο διπλανό euroelectron post.


Αναφορά:


Ήχος και Ακοη - Stevens, Warshopsky - κεφάλαιο 4 - Εγυκλοπαιδια Λάιφ

A nice list of low voltage transistors

http://www.digchip.com/datasheets/download_datasheet.php?id=5755011&part-number=BC386

Some information on tape sticky shed syndrome

http://homerecording.com/bbs/general-discussions/analog-recording-and-mixing-tape-and-gear/ampex-456-1980s-sticky-shed-241525/


Three is a nice looking post by Beck on tape makes and dates that do not suffer from the sticky shed syndrome.

Hello to Switzerland

Welcome to Moldova

More BBC Absorbers

http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/reports/1994-12.pdf


See also previous posts on EMI, BBC broadband panel sound absorbers.

Hell or Paradise?

At your risk. This is not a medical advice.


Hell or paradise?


Sometimes it can be both.


For example one might eat whole grain tahini and honey on top.


The bottom might be the cheapest bread, toasted bread,... made with vegetable oil, palm oil etc which have a reputation of clogging blood arteries.


It does not have to be this way. The best bread or toasted bread made with the best ingredients and no oil can be found or made. The best oil or tahini etc can be added afterwards.


Why having both when one can just have paradise?