Tuesday, July 27, 2021

A one transistor fm tuner, with lock-in homodyne (same frequecy as carrier) phase demodulator

This was found by chance on the children Hit Radio AM/FM spring kit given by Spyros, made by Eastcolight Ltd. The C1923 VHF transistor is powered by 3V. Between collector and emmiter there is 10pF apparently to sustain oscillation. Emitter is connected to RFC (radio frequency choke) which is then connected to 2.7K which is then connected to (-). A 10nF is connected from base to (-) so apparently bass is grounded (grounded bass topology). FM antena is connected through 5pF to emitter. Tank reasonant circuit is (8pF//variable C//L made by 5 thick turns of small diameter) connected to collector. In series with this LC is a 10K load resistor for getting the music signal! So the other side of 10K is supplied by 3V. 47uF is the decoupling power supply capacitor which maintains 3V at its terminals. Lower side of 10K is connected to 10nF//50nF to (-). Apparently 10nF is decoupling and 50nF is frequency response deemphasis. There is also a 20nF from bottom of 10K or top of LC to RFC. Bias is by 10K from lower side of load resistor to base. 2 simple grounded emiiter stages with 330K bias resistor each from collector to base amplify audio. Important information on understanding operation was found on the nri fundamentals of FM reception 33CC-1, page 18, locked-in oscillator detector. Then while Vicky was driving it was observed again how the wheels appear to go backwards of forwards due to the stroboscopic effect apparently analogous to the audio signal detected by phase change. The street flickering light is the local oscilator and the changing angular velocity of whells is the information detected. Then the interesting white paper , Principles of Lock-in Detection - zhinst.com was found. How would the ability of extracting a signal a million times less than noise combine with an open grid, base or gate amplifier, or are they using such front end already? Then found by chance Homodyne detection on page 413 of the Schwartz book on Information Transmission. Homodyne comes from homo which comes from homio which in Hellenic means same. Botto0m line we want to listen to the radio station at 100MHz, we adjust the oscilator to 100MHz. Was FM radio invented by observing how a regenerative detector could detect phasechange when it would perhaps self oscillate?

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