Similarity and difference between a major or minor musical scale

Taking for example C major.


C D E F G A B C


And C minor


C D bE F G bA bB C


We can readily see that:


They both start and end at C. Therefore they both have a perfect eight or octave.


They both have D ie the interval C D which is called major second.


They both have F and G ie the intervals of perfect forth and perfect fifth ie C F and C G.


The major scale has the notes E, A, B ie the intervals C E, C A, C B which are called major 3rd major 6th, major seventh respectively.


The minor scale has the notes bE, bA, bB ie the intervals C bE, C bA, C bB which are called minor 3rd, minor 6th, minor 7th.


Of Cource all sorts of intervals can be created by using any note of the scale as bass and then adding Harmony using the rule 1 3 5 (7) (9) etc.


See also Bach bass rules:


https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf