Temperature is the manifestation of the kinetic energy of molecules, electrons etc.
When something is heated up molecules vibrate at larger amplitudes.
We get our energy from the sun. And it is the photos that collide with the earth, transfer their energy and heat us up. Otherwise the temperature would have been close to -273 degrees Celcius.
A nonlinear effect makes the equilibrium point to shift very little. But this shift of all molecules macroscopic all is perceived as expansion of the material. So we have the liquid inside the thermometer rising high.
Similar non linear effects demodulates the radio waves on AM so that the radio can extract the music content.
Similar non linear effects may take place in our basil membrane so that louder intensity of the same sound or tone appear lower in pitch to our brain.
References:
Conceptual Physics - Hewitt
The Feynman Lectures in Physics
Foundations of Wireless - Scroggie
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