The magnitude of the vector is the value of impedance.
The angle of the vector reoresents phase difference between steady state output from steady state sinusoidal input.
But what is impedance at points A,B?
It is defined as the ratio of V/I where V is potential across points A,B and I current through points A,B. V, I are vectors. Rotating vectors or phasors.
See also, one of the best books on the planet on the subject of engineering circuit analysis.
Engineering Circuit Analysis - Hayt Jr., Kemmerly
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