Is Philip B. Clark the inventor of pull up grid bias for low or no plate voltage operation?

Vacuum tube circuits without plate supplies - Philp B. Clark


Page 192 -
https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Electronics/50s/Electronics-1952-12.pdf


The only catch is this.


Although the brilliant author seems to understand what is happening, the bias batteries are shown in pull down orientation rather than pull up.


Is this an editorial miscorrection? Must it have been difficult for an editor to accept a schematic showing positive supply toward the grid rather than negative when nearly all the schematics on the planet show the negative towards to grid?


Having said that when fixed bias is shown on a different figure by an external rectifier supply circuit the +4V is clearly shown as pull up bias through a resistor towards the negative self biased grid.


The best way to find the truth is possibly building the brilliant author's circuits that operate with no other external plate supply than the anode circuit connected to the positive cathode because of its missing electrons.


Another way to look at it is the following.


When a heater voltage is connected to an electron tube... The grid becomes negative with respect to cathode and also the anode becomes negative with respect to cathode but less so.


Any careful experiment with electron tubes (a series fuse should be used with heater supply for safety) shows typically -700mV to grid and -50mV for example to anode as soon as cathode temperature increases.