All sorts of 9th, 7th or whatever intervals with respect to bass [Bach] are being created by the melody sustain while bass moves in its looping 4 levels.
Harmony or Bass number code is:
Key being D Dorian ie all notes white or natural and song starting from bass D.
D
G
A
F
That's it.
This masterpiece is based on this bass. It is the melody which creates the fantastic disonant intervals. Harmony adds the 3rds with respect to bass so that the result is agreeable to the human brain or gratification of the senses [Bach].
So Harmony using the 1 3 5 basic harmonic trial rule is:
D bass with D F A (D major 3rd or simply D major)
G bass with G B D (G major 3rd
A bass with A C E (A minor 3rd or simple A minor)
F bass with F A C (F major 3rd
Rearranging for least hand movement
D bass A D F
G bass B D G
A bass A C E
F bass A C F
Removing what is already played at the same time by the melody for better arrangement ie leaving frequency band space for the melody ie not conflict of frequency bands:
D bass and A D (melody starts by F)
G bass and D G (melody plays B at that point in time *)
A bass and A C (melody plays E at that point)
F bass and C F (melody plays A at that point)
* that B sustained by sustain, delay, reverberation, keeping note played or whatever creates the fantastic sound of the prepared 9th interval when bass becomes A. Ie full harmony automaticaly becomes A bass and C E B. This chord is called A minor 3rd major ninth, named by the intervals wity respect to bass [Piston].
References:
Bach bass Rules
https://normanschmidt.net/scores/bachjs-general_bass_rules.pdf
Harmony - Piston
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