It is converting (with a microphone) air molecule vibration (music) to corresponding electron vibration.
Then converting electron vibration back to air molecule vibration (with a loudspeaker).
The air molecule vibrations do not have to be the same at the output compared to the input. They might have to be only when reproduced acoustic sound pressure level or intensity is the same as acoustic intensity when recording.
If intensities are different which is usually the case (in any popular music production) the impression to the listener's brain will be very far wrong. The frequency response of the human ear, brain depends on acoustic intensity [Lowe, Morgan]. Also the bandwidth of human singing or speaking voice depends on effort or acoustic intensity output. Soft singing produces a much greater bandwidth [Lowe, Morgan].
Therefore suitable EQing by the best possible equipment is needed so that flat frequency response from the brain of the producer to the brain of the listener is achieved [Lowe, Morgan].
Reference:
Sound Picture Recording and Reproducing Characteristics - D. P. Lowe, K. F. Morgan - Journal of the
Society of Motion Picture Engineers
Further reading:
Motion Picture Sound Engineering
Elements of Sound Recording - Frayne, Wolfe
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